乳房X光检查中的致密乳腺组织与较高的乳腺癌发病率和死亡率相关，这促使人们对具有致密乳房的女性进行乳腺癌筛查产生新的考虑。作者回顾了乳腺密度的定义和分类、密度评估方法、乳腺癌风险、当前立法和未来的努力，并总结了影响现有补充筛查指南的试验和关键研究。介绍了致密乳房中的乳腺癌病例，重点介绍了有助于癌症检测和分期的各种模式和特定影像学发现。了解致密乳腺患者乳腺癌筛查的现状及其面临的挑战对于制定未来的护理考虑因素非常重要。将乳腺癌检测模式转向对乳房致密的女性进行早期诊断可能是减少这种常见疾病死亡人数的答案。 ©RSNA，2023 本文提供在线补充材料。本文的测验问题可通过在线学习中心获得。请参阅本期 Yeh 特邀评论。

Dense breast tissue at mammography is associated with higher breast cancer incidence and mortality rates, which have prompted new considerations for breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts. The authors review the definition and classification of breast density, density assessment methods, breast cancer risk, current legislation, and future efforts and summarize trials and key studies that have affected the existing guidelines for supplemental screening. Cases of breast cancer in dense breasts are presented, highlighting a variety of modalities and specific imaging findings that can aid in cancer detection and staging. Understanding the current state of breast cancer screening in patients with dense breasts and its challenges is important to shape future considerations for care. Shifting the paradigm of breast cancer detection toward early diagnosis for women with dense breasts may be the answer to reducing the number of deaths from this common disease. ©RSNA, 2023 Online supplemental material is available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center. See the invited commentary by Yeh in this issue.