定期的体育活动与较低的癌症发病率和死亡率以及较低的肿瘤复发率相关。流行病学证据得到动物模型临床前研究的支持，表明定期锻炼可以延缓癌症的进展，包括高度侵袭性恶性肿瘤。尽管运动抗肿瘤作用的机制仍有待确定，但癌症免疫监视的改善可能很重要，因为运动会刺激不同的免疫细胞亚型渗透肿瘤。还有证据表明，运动后收集的血液中的免疫细胞可以用作癌症的过继细胞疗法。在本视角中，我们讨论了肌肉活动对于维持健康的免疫系统的重要性，并讨论了单次运动（即“急性”运动）和“常规”运动（即重复运动）的效果抗癌免疫，包括肿瘤浸润。我们还讨论了这一新兴研究领域的假设机制和临床意义。© 2023。施普林格自然有限公司。

Regular physical activity is associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality, as well as with a lower rate of tumour recurrence. The epidemiological evidence is supported by preclinical studies in animal models showing that regular exercise delays the progression of cancer, including highly aggressive malignancies. Although the mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenic effects of exercise remain to be defined, an improvement in cancer immunosurveillance is likely important, with different immune cell subtypes stimulated by exercise to infiltrate tumours. There is also evidence that immune cells from blood collected after an exercise bout could be used as adoptive cell therapy for cancer. In this Perspective, we address the importance of muscular activity for maintaining a healthy immune system and discuss the effects of a single bout of exercise (that is, 'acute' exercise) and those of 'regular' exercise (that is, repeated bouts) on anticancer immunity, including tumour infiltrates. We also address the postulated mechanisms and the clinical implications of this emerging area of research.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.