细菌介导的抗肿瘤治疗因其天然的肿瘤靶向能力和特异性免疫激活特性而受到广泛关注。它在打破单一疗法的局限性和有效根除肿瘤方面取得了重大进展，特别是与放射疗法等传统疗法相结合。根据其不同的生物学特性，细菌及其衍生物不仅可以提高肿瘤放疗的敏感性，而且可以保护正常组织。此外，基因工程细菌和细菌基生物材料进一步扩大了其在放射治疗中的应用范围。本文综述了近年来细菌及其衍生物在放射治疗中应用的相关研究，阐述了细菌、细菌衍生物和细菌基生物材料不仅可以直接增强放射治疗，还可以通过提高抗肿瘤效果。改善肿瘤微环境（TME）和免疫效果。此外，一些益生菌还可以通过抗炎、抗氧化和抑制细胞凋亡来保护肠道等正常组织和器官免受辐射。综上所述，细菌在放射治疗中的前景将非常广阔，但其生物安全性和机制有待进一步评估和研究。© 2022 中国药学会、中国医学科学院药物研究所。由 Elsevier B.V. 制作和主持

Bacteria-mediated anti-tumor therapy has received widespread attention due to its natural tumor-targeting ability and specific immune-activation characteristics. It has made significant progress in breaking the limitations of monotherapy and effectively eradicating tumors, especially when combined with traditional therapy, such as radiotherapy. According to their different biological characteristics, bacteria and their derivatives can not only improve the sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy but also protect normal tissues. Moreover, genetically engineered bacteria and bacteria-based biomaterials have further expanded the scope of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, we have summarized relevant researches on the application of bacteria and its derivatives in radiotherapy in recent years, expounding that the bacteria, bacterial derivatives and bacteria-based biomaterials can not only directly enhance radiotherapy but also improve the anti-tumor effect by improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune effects. Furthermore, some probiotics can also protect normal tissues and organs such as intestines from radiation via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and apoptosis inhibition. In conclusion, the prospect of bacteria in radiotherapy will be very extensive, but its biological safety and mechanism need to be further evaluated and studied.© 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.