白质束（WM）是多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的主要侵袭路径之一。缺乏理想的研究模型阻碍了我们对 GBM 沿 WM 侵袭的细节和机制的理解。迄今为止，已经报道了许多潜在的体外模型；神经纤维培养模型和纳米材料模型具有生物相容性，前者具有电活性神经元。脑切片培养模型、类器官模型和微流控芯片模型可以模拟真实的大脑和肿瘤微环境（TME），其中包含多种细胞类型。这些模型更接近真实的体内环境，有助于进一步研究GBM沿WM的侵袭，以及实体瘤的神经周围侵袭和脑转移。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

White matter tracts (WMs) are one of the main invasion paths of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The lack of ideal research models hinders our understanding of the details and mechanisms of GBM invasion along WMs. To date, many potential in vitro models have been reported; nerve fiber culture models and nanomaterial models are biocompatible, and the former have electrically active neurons. Brain slice culture models, organoid models, and microfluidic chip models can simulate the real brain and tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains a variety of cell types. These models are closer to the real in vivo environment and are helpful for further studying not only invasion along WMs by GBM, but also perineural invasion and brain metastasis by solid tumors.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.