蛋白质是所有生物体的重要组成部分，主要负责生命活动；此外，它的合成依赖于高度复杂和准确的翻译系统。对于蛋白质来说，翻译水平的调控超过转录、mRNA降解和蛋白质降解过程的总和。因此，有必要研究翻译层面的规制。翻译过程的不平衡可能会改变细胞景观，不仅导致癌症的发生、维持、进展、侵袭和转移，还会影响免疫细胞的功能，改变肿瘤微环境。需要对转录和蛋白质图谱进行详细分析，以更好地了解基因翻译是如何发生的。然而，需要在 mRNA 和蛋白质水平之间建立更严格的直接相关性，这在一定程度上限制了进一步的研究。翻译组学是一种对核糖体相关mRNA进行捕获和测序的技术，可以有效识别癌症发生过程中核糖体停滞和局部翻译异常引起的翻译变化，以进一步了解肿瘤微环境中癌细胞本身和免疫细胞翻译景观的变化，可为肿瘤治疗提供新的策略和方向。© 2023 作者。

Protein is an essential component of all living organisms and is primarily responsible for life activities; furthermore, its synthesis depends on a highly complex and accurate translation system. For proteins, the regulation at the translation level exceeds the sum of that during transcription, mRNA degradation, and protein degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to study regulation at the translation level. Imbalance in the translation process may change the cellular landscape, which not only leads to the occurrence, maintenance, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer but also affects the function of immune cells and changes the tumor microenvironment. Detailed analysis of transcriptional and protein atlases is needed to better understand how gene translation occurs. However, a more rigorous direct correlation between mRNA and protein levels is needed, which somewhat limits further studies. Translatomics is a technique for capturing and sequencing ribosome-related mRNAs that can effectively identify translation changes caused by ribosome stagnation and local translation abnormalities during cancer occurrence to further understand the changes in the translation landscape of cancer cells themselves and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which can provide new strategies and directions for tumor treatment.© 2023 The Authors.