腺病毒载体由于基因组操作方便、能够容纳大的外源基因片段、易于获得高滴度病毒以及转导效率高，已被广泛用作针对传染病的候选疫苗或潜在候选疫苗。同时，腺病毒载体也被广泛应用于癌症基因治疗和单基因缺陷引起的疾病的临床研究。然而，腺病毒的应用也面临着靶向性差、载体本身免疫反应强、无法重复使用等一系列挑战。相信随着相关领域的进一步研究和技术发展，这些问题将会逐步得到解决。本文综述了包括“无肠”腺病毒在内的腺病毒载体的构建方法，并讨论了腺病毒载体作为感染性病原体预防性疫苗的应用及其作为癌症和人乳头瘤病毒、肝炎等其他慢性传染病治疗性疫苗的应用前景。 B 病毒和丙型肝炎病毒。© 2023 作者。

Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.© 2023 The Authors.