健康差异、社会弱势群体经常经历的疾病负担和疾病结果的可预防差异几乎存在于放射学的所有领域，包括急诊放射学、神经放射学、核医学、图像引导干预和基于成像的癌症筛查。鉴于对人口健康的深远影响，基于成像的癌症筛查的差异尤其值得注意。健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH) 在癌症筛查和结果的差异中发挥着重要作用。通过更好地了解 SDoH 如何推动放射学健康结果的差异，放射科医生可以有效地提供以患者为中心的、高质量和公平的护理。放射科医生和放射学实践可以成为积极的合作伙伴，努力帮助患者完成成像之旅，并克服传统边缘人群公平癌症筛查护理的现有障碍。由于放射学存在于诊断成像、图像引导诊断干预和图像引导治疗的交叉点，放射科医生在设计这些策略方面具有独特的优势。解决公平医疗障碍的具有成本效益和社会意识的战略可以改善公共卫生和公平的健康结果。潜在的策略包括倡导支持性卫生政策、减少自付费用、提高价格透明度、改善教育和外展工作、确保提供适当的语言翻译服务、提供个性化的预约安排帮助以及提供交通援助和儿童保育。 ©RSNA，2023 本文的测验问题可在补充材料中找到。

Health disparities, preventable differences in the burden of disease and disease outcomes often experienced by socially disadvantaged populations, can be found in nearly all areas of radiology, including emergency radiology, neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, image-guided interventions, and imaging-based cancer screening. Disparities in imaging-based cancer screening are especially noteworthy given the far-reaching population health impact. The social determinants of health (SDoH) play an important role in disparities in cancer screening and outcomes. Through improved understanding of how SDoH can drive differences in health outcomes in radiology, radiologists can effectively provide patient-centered, high-quality, and equitable care. Radiologists and radiology practices can become active partners in efforts to assist patients along their imaging journey and overcome existing barriers to equitable cancer screening care for traditionally marginalized populations. As radiology exists at the intersection of diagnostic imaging, image-guided diagnostic intervention, and image-guided treatment, radiologists are uniquely positioned to design these strategies. Cost-effective and socially conscious strategies that address barriers to equitable care can improve both public health and equitable health outcomes. Potential strategies include championing supportive health policy, reducing out-of-pocket costs, increasing price transparency, improving education and outreach efforts, ensuring that appropriate language translation services are available, providing individualized assistance with appointment scheduling, and offering transportation assistance and childcare. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.