估计卵巢囊肿发生的监测间隔，并描述与囊肿消退时间相关的变量。UK-OCST（肯塔基大学卵巢癌筛查试验）是一个前瞻性队列，在 30 年间招募了 47,762 名个体，其中包括 2,638 名发生囊肿的个体。使用 t 检验、χ2 检验、Kaplan Meier 和 Cox 多重检验将囊肿直径和结构以及患者年龄、体重指数、激素治疗 (HT) 的使用、卵巢癌家族史和绝经状态作为与囊肿消退相关的变量在 2,638 名发生囊肿的个体中，1,667 名患者在 1.2 年内得到缓解（63.2%），971 名患者持续存在（36.8%）。 1 年内，单房囊肿和分隔囊肿的消退率相似（分别为 35.4% 和 36.7%，P>.05），但与分隔囊肿相比，单房囊肿的消退时间更短（平均分别为 1.89 年和 2.58 年， P<.001)。小于 3 厘米的单房囊肿和有分隔的囊肿比大于 6 厘米的囊肿消退得更快 (P<.001)。与解决百分比相关的变量包括年龄较小、绝经前状态（但不包括同步双侧囊肿）以及报告有卵巢癌家族史的人（P<.05）。与更快的囊肿消退率相关的变量包括年龄超过 70 岁以及未使用激素治疗。体重指数和家族史与囊肿消退时间无关。根据囊肿结构和大小以及患者年龄和 HT 使用情况，可能需要不同的监测时间。ClinicalTrials.gov，NCT04473833。版权所有 © 2023 美国妇产科学院。由 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 出版。保留所有权利。

To estimate surveillance intervals of incident ovarian cysts, and describe variables associated with cyst resolution times.The UK-OCST (University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) was a prospective cohort that enrolled 47,762 individuals over 30 years, including 2,638 individuals with incident cysts. Cyst diameter and structure and patient age, body mass index, use of hormone therapy (HT), family history of ovarian cancer, and menopausal status were examined as variables associated with cyst resolution using t tests, χ2 test, Kaplan Meier, and Cox multiple regression.Of 2,638 individuals with incident cysts, 1,667 experienced resolution (63.2%) within 1.2 years, and 971 experienced persistence (36.8%). Within 1 year, unilocular and septated cysts had similar resolution rates (35.4% and 36.7%, respectively, P>.05), but time to resolution was shorter for unilocular cysts compared with septated cysts (mean 1.89 years vs 2.58 years, respectively, P<.001). Both unilocular and septated cysts smaller than 3 cm resolved faster than cysts larger than 6 cm (P<.001). Variables associated with percent resolution included being of younger age, premenopausal status (but not for synchronous bilateral cysts), and those reporting a family history of ovarian cancer (P<.05). Variables associated with a faster cyst resolution rate included being older than age 70 years and not using hormone therapy. Body mass index and family history were not associated with cyst resolution time.Different surveillance times may be appropriate depending on cyst structure and size and patient age and HT use.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04473833.Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.