印度尼西亚群岛拥有世界第二大生物多样性，居住着300多个民族，总人口超过2.7亿。土著居民仍然依赖传统医学实践，特别是使用植物性疗法。尽管对印尼药用植物的现代科学探索始于 16 世纪欧洲人在该群岛的定居，但直到 1970 年代，印尼药用植物的植物化学的功效才得到认可。对新的癌症治疗方法以提高人类生活质量的需求导致了对药用植物（包括源自印度尼西亚的药用植物）的生物勘探。尽管已发表有关印度尼西亚药用植物抗癌功效的报告，但迄今为止尚未对此主题进行全面审查。在这篇手稿中，我们回顾了印度尼西亚药用植物与癌症治疗相关的植物化学和药理学研究。使用现有数据库（GARUDA、SciFinder 和 PubMed）整理 1990 年至 2022 年的数据，描述了 134 种药用植物及其植物化学和药理学特性，包括含有针对乳腺癌、白血病、子宫颈、肺和结肠的有效药物的示例基于体外生物测定和体内评估的癌细胞系。这些发现为印度尼西亚药用植物的生物勘探提供了宝贵的见解，为未来的研究提供了方向，包括开发新疗法，无论是植物药还是使用常规剂量。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

The Indonesian archipelago is home to the second largest biodiversity in the world and is inhabited by more than 300 ethnic groups with a total population of more than 270 million. The indigenous population still rely on traditional medicine practices, especially the use of plant-based remedies. Although modern science-based exploration on Indonesian medicinal plants started with the European settlement in the archipelago in the 16th century, it was not until the 1970's that the phytochemistry of Indonesian medicinal plants was recognized for its potency. The need for new cancer cures to increase the quality of human life has led to the bioprospecting of medicinal plants including those of Indonesian origin. Despite published reports on the anticancer potency of Indonesian medicinal plants, to date there has been no comprehensive review on this topic. In this manuscript, we review the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on medicinal plants from Indonesia related to cancer therapy. Established databases (GARUDA, SciFinder, and PubMed) were used to collate data from 1990 to 2022, resulting in the description of 134 medicinal plants and their phytochemical and pharmacological properties including examples containing potent agents against breast, leukaemia, cervix, lung, and colon cancer cell lines based on in vitro bioassays and in vivo evaluation. These findings provide valuable insights into the bioprospecting of Indonesian medicinal plant providing directions for future studies, including the development of new therapeutics, both as botanicals or by using conventional dosage.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.