几十年来，白细胞介素 (IL)-2 在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力已为人所知，但其在临床实践中的广泛采用仍然有限。最近，抗 PD-1 抗体和次优 IL-2 变体的嵌合蛋白被证明可以通过在小鼠中诱导独特的效应 CD8 T 细胞来刺激有效的抗肿瘤和抗病毒免疫。调节性 T 细胞 (Treg) 的耗竭会诱导类似的细胞毒性 T 细胞亚群，表明 IL-2 隔离是调节性 T 细胞抑制活化 CD8 T 细胞的主要机制。在此，我们提出了基于 IL-2 的生物制品如何在细胞水平上增强抗肿瘤反应的观点，并提出之前可能高估了此类治疗后 Tregs 的作用。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

The therapeutic potential of interleukin (IL)-2 in cancer treatment has been known for decades, yet its widespread adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Recently, chimeric proteins of an anti-PD-1 antibody and suboptimal IL-2 variants were shown to stimulate potent antitumor and antiviral immunity by inducing unique effector CD8+ T cells in mice. A similar subset of cytotoxic T cells is induced by depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), suggesting IL-2 sequestration as a major mechanism through which regulatory T cells suppress activated CD8+ T cells. Here, we present our view of how IL-2-based biologicals can boost the antitumor response at a cellular level, and propose that the role of Tregs following such treatments may have been previously overestimated.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.