许多研究调查了人类和动物组织的介电特性，特别是区分正常细胞和肿瘤。然而，这些研究是侵入性的，因为必须切除组织样本才能测量特性。本研究旨在研究尿液的介电特性与膀胱癌的关系，这对患者来说是安全且非侵入性的。招募了 30 名健康受试者和 30 名膀胱癌患者。他们的尿液样本进行了尿液分析和细胞学评估。使用矢量网络分析仪在 25 °C、30 °C 和 37 °C 下测量 0.2 至 50 GHz 微波频率下的介电常数 (Ɛ') 和损耗因数 (Ɛ")。在健康受试者和患者之间观察到 Ɛ' 和 Ɛ" 存在显着差异，特别是在 25 °C 时频率在 25 至 40 GHz 之间。与健康受试者相比，膀胱癌患者的Ɛ'和较高的Ɛ"显着降低。 Ɛ'与尿脱落尿路上皮细胞数呈负相关，Ɛ”与尿脱落尿路上皮细胞数呈正相关。该研究的受试者工作特征曲线下面积 (ROC-AUC) 得分为 0.69099，最佳准确度为 75%，敏感性为 80%，特异性为 70%。脱落的尿路上皮细胞的数量对介电特性有显着影响，特别是在膀胱癌患者中。尿液介电特性有可能用作检测膀胱癌的工具。© 2023。澳大利亚物理科学家和医学工程师学院。

Many studies have investigated the dielectric properties of human and animal tissues, particularly to differentiate between normal cells and tumors. However, these studies are invasive as tissue samples have to be excised to measure the properties. This study aims to investigate the dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer, which is safe and non-invasive to patients. 30 healthy subjects and 30 bladder cancer patients were recruited. Their urine samples were subjected to urinalysis and cytology assessment. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the dielectric constant (Ɛ') and loss factor (Ɛ″) at microwave frequencies of between 0.2 and 50 GHz at 25 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C. Significant differences in Ɛ' and Ɛ″ were observed between healthy subjects and patients, especially at frequencies of between 25 and 40 GHz at 25 °C. Bladder cancer patients had significant lower Ɛ' and higher Ɛ″ compared with healthy subjects. The Ɛ' was negatively correlated with urinary exfoliated urothelial cell number, and Ɛ″ was positively correlated. The study achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.69099 and an optimum accuracy of 75% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%. The number of exfoliated urothelial cell had significant effect on the dielectric properties, especially in bladder cancer patients. Urinary dielectric properties could potentially be used as a tool to detect bladder cancer.© 2023. Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine.