银杏叶（GBL）作为草药膳食补充剂和中药，用于治疗疾病已有数百年历史。最近，越来越多的证据表明 GBL 的提取物和活性成分具有抗癌（化学预防）特性。然而，GBLs抗癌的分子机制尚未得到全面的总结。系统总结用于鉴定GBLs在癌症细胞、动物模型和临床试验中分子机制的文献，以及批判性评价现有的抗癌证据。 GBLs对癌症的有效性和安全性。使用截至2023年7月25日的检索词“Ginkgo biloba”和“cancer”，在Scopus、PubMed、Google Scholar和Web of Science等四个电子数据库中进行了全面检索。数据库中未收录的文章均通过人工检索，提取并总结了所有关于GBLs抗癌研究和作用机制的文献。方法学质量通过PRISMA 2020独立评估。数据库中发现的84条记录中，28条是与GBL相关的系统评价，其余56条记录与GBL的抗癌作用相关，包括抗癌活性和机制的研究在细胞、动物和临床水平上分析 GBL 中的提取物或其成分。在这些研究中，与GBL相关的前六种癌症类型是肺癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和宫颈癌。进一步分析表明，GBL主要通过刺激癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖、癌症侵袭和迁移、表现出抗炎和抗氧化特性以及调节信号通路来发挥抗癌作用。此外，还对GBLs抗肿瘤活性的药理学、毒理学和临床研究进行了讨论。这是第一篇深入研究GBLs抗癌特性的药理作用、毒理学和作用机制的论文。所有这些发现都将强化探索 GBL 在癌症中新用途的必要性，并为这种草药的未来研究提供全面的参考数据和建议。版权所有 © 2023。由 Elsevier GmbH 出版。

Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), as an herbal dietary supplement and a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used in treating diseases for hundred years. Recently, increasing evidence reveals that the extracts and active ingredients of GBLs have anti-cancer (chemo-preventive) properties. However, the molecular mechanism of GBLs in anti-cancer has not been comprehensively summarized.To systematically summarize the literatures for identifying the molecular mechanism of GBLs in cellular, animal models and clinical trials of cancers, as well as for critically evaluating the current evidence of efficacy and safety of GBLs for cancers.Employing the search terms "Ginkgo biloba" and "cancer" till July 25, 2023, a comprehensive search was carried out in four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The articles not contained in the databases are performed by manual searches and all the literatures on anti-cancer research and mechanism of action of GBLs was extracted and summarized. The quality of methodology was assessed independently through PRISMA 2020.Among 84 records found in the database, 28 were systematic reviews related to GBLs, while the remaining 56 records were related to the anticancer effects of GBLs, which include studies on the anticancer activities and mechanisms of extracts or its components in GBLs at cellular, animal, and clinical levels. During these studies, the top six cancer types associated with GBLs are lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and cervical cancer. Further analysis reveals that GBLs primarily exert their anticancer effects by stimulating cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and migration of cancers, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and modulating signaling pathways. Besides, the pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical research on the anti-tumor activity of GBLs have also been discussed.This is the first paper to thoroughly investigate the pharmacology effect, toxicology, and the mechanisms of action of GBLs for anti-cancer properties. All the findings will reinforce the need to explore the new usage of GBLs in cancers and offer comprehensive reference data and recommendations for future research on this herbal medicine.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.