癌症是一种复杂且异质的疾病，对全球健康构成重大威胁。早期诊断和治疗对于改善患者预后至关重要，液体活检的使用已成为癌症检测和监测的一种有前途的方法。传统上，癌症诊断依赖于侵入性组织活检，其收集对患者来说具有挑战性，并且由于肿瘤异质性，其结果可能并不总是提供准确的结果。液体活检越来越受到关注，因为它们提供了一种非侵入性且可获取的癌症生物标志物来源，可用于诊断癌症、监测治疗反应和检测复发。蛋白质组学、基因组学和代谢组学等组学技术的整合，通过引入精准肿瘤学并根据患者独特的肿瘤生物学特性为个体患者量身定制治疗方案，进一步增强了液体活检的能力。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论癌症液体活检领域的挑战和进展，以及不同类型液体活检（包括血液、泪液、尿液、汗液、唾液和脑脊液）的组学技术的整合。© 作者（s）2023。

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that poses a significant threat to global health. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes, and the use of liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising approach for cancer detection and monitoring. Traditionally, cancer diagnosis has relied on invasive tissue biopsies, the collection of which can prove challenging for patients and the results of which may not always provide accurate results due to tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsies have gained increasing attention as they provide a non-invasive and accessible source of cancer biomarkers, which can be used to diagnose cancer, monitor treatment response, and detect relapse. The integration of -omics technologies, such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, has further enhanced the capabilities of liquid biopsies by introducing precision oncology and enabling the tailoring of treatment for individual patients based on their unique tumor biology. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and advances in the field of cancer liquid biopsies and the integration of -omics technologies for different types of liquid biopsies, including blood, tear, urine, sweat, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid.© The Author(s) 2023.