1971 年，Ambrose 和 Hounsfield 首次对患者进行了 CT 检查，不仅为大脑的体积成像，而且为整个身体的体积成像铺平了道路。从最初的 5 分钟 180° 旋转扫描到如今的 0.24 秒 360° 旋转扫描，CT 技术不断革新。本文描述了从 CT 最早发展至今的 CT 技术的重要历史里程碑，并展望了这一重要成像方式的未来。在回顾了 CT 的起源及其早期采用之后，我们回顾了为减少每幅图像和每次检查的扫描时间而采取的技术步骤。为了追求更快的扫描和更好的面内时间分辨率，还开发了电子束 CT 和双源 CT 等新颖的几何结构。过去 20 年对辐射剂量优化和管理的关注导致了管电流和管电位等暴露参数的规定方式发生了变化，因此今天的检查比以往任何时候都更加针对特定患者和诊断任务进行定制。 2000年代中期，随着双能CT的临床引入，CT的范围从灰度扩展到彩色。当今最新的技术创新——光子计数 CT——提供了更强大的多能量 CT 功能以及高达 125 μm 的空间分辨率。最后，人工智能将影响 CT 图像的创建和处理，以及自动化许多任务，以在定量应用中提供更高的准确性和可重复性。© RSNA，2023 另请参阅评论“扩展高级图像分析在 CT 中的作用” - Prosper 等人在本期中检测到不确定的肺结节和早期肺癌特征”。

In 1971, the first patient CT examination by Ambrose and Hounsfield paved the way for not only volumetric imaging of the brain but of the entire body. From the initial 5-minute scan for a 180° rotation to today's 0.24-second scan for a 360° rotation, CT technology continues to reinvent itself. This article describes key historical milestones in CT technology from the earliest days of CT to the present, with a look toward the future of this essential imaging modality. After a review of the beginnings of CT and its early adoption, the technical steps taken to decrease scan times-both per image and per examination-are reviewed. Novel geometries such as electron-beam CT and dual-source CT have also been developed in the quest for ever-faster scans and better in-plane temporal resolution. The focus of the past 2 decades on radiation dose optimization and management led to changes in how exposure parameters such as tube current and tube potential are prescribed such that today, examinations are more customized to the specific patient and diagnostic task than ever before. In the mid-2000s, CT expanded its reach from gray-scale to color with the clinical introduction of dual-energy CT. Today's most recent technical innovation-photon-counting CT-offers greater capabilities in multienergy CT as well as spatial resolution as good as 125 μm. Finally, artificial intelligence is poised to impact both the creation and processing of CT images, as well as automating many tasks to provide greater accuracy and reproducibility in quantitative applications.© RSNA, 2023 See also the review "Expanding Role of Advanced Image Analysis in CT-detected Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules and Early Lung Cancer Characterization" by Prosper et al in this issue.