多能间充质干细胞（MSC）被广泛认为是基于细胞治疗包括恶性肿瘤在内的各种疾病的有用工具。间充质干细胞的治疗作用主要归因于其免疫调节和免疫抑制特性。尽管间充质干细胞在癌症治疗中取得了有希望的结果，但越来越多的证据表明间充质干细胞在肿瘤微环境（TME）中也表现出致瘤特性，这可能导致肿瘤的诱导和进展。由于间充质干细胞的广泛应用，需要解决这一挑战，以便它们能够在临床实践中安全使用。在此，我们回顾了 MSC 在 TME 中的多种活性，并重点介绍了将其促肿瘤特征转化为肿瘤抑制作用的潜在方法。版权所有 © 2023 Afkhami、Mahmoudvand、Fakouri、Shadab、Mahjoor 和 Komeili Movahed。

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely accepted as a useful tool for cell-based therapy of various diseases including malignancies. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly attributed to their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite the promising outcomes of MSCs in cancer therapy, a growing body of evidence implies that MSCs also show tumorigenic properties in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which might lead to tumor induction and progression. Owing to the broad-spectrum applications of MSCs, this challenge needs to be tackled so that they can be safely utilized in clinical practice. Herein, we review the diverse activities of MSCs in TME and highlight the potential methods to convert their protumorigenic characteristics into onco-suppressive effects.Copyright © 2023 Afkhami, Mahmoudvand, Fakouri, Shadab, Mahjoor and Komeili Movahhed.