癌症患者中常见血栓和出血，其管理对于患者的积极预后至关重要。静脉血栓形成的全面、预防性和治疗性管理应侧重于确定最能从治疗中受益的患者，以降低死亡率并最大限度地减少血栓复发的风险，同时又不会显着增加出血风险。现有的癌症量表为评估癌症的总体负担和指导治疗决策提供了有价值的信息，但它们预测血栓和出血事件的能力仍然有限。随着对癌症病理生理学的了解不断增加以及先进抗癌疗法的出现，与癌症相关的血栓形成和出血的新危险因素正在被发现。在本报告中，我们分析了当前的文献，并确定了常规使用的风险评分中未包含的静脉血栓形成和出血的新危险因素。虽然一些现有的癌症量表部分反映了血栓形成和出血的风险，但仍需要针对这些并发症定制更具体、更准确的量表。此类量表的开发可以改善风险分层，帮助选择治疗方法并加强患者护理。因此，有必要进一步研究和开发专注于血栓形成和出血的新型癌症量表，以优化患者管理和结果。Thieme。版权所有。

Thrombosis and bleeding are commonly observed in cancer patients, and their management is crucial for positive patient outcomes. A comprehensive, prophylactic, and therapeutic management of venous thrombosis should focus on identifying the patients who would benefit most from treatment to reduce mortality and minimize the risk of thrombosis recurrence without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding. Existing cancer scales provide valuable information for assessing the overall burden of cancer and guiding treatment decisions, but their ability to predict thrombotic and bleeding events remains limited. With increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of cancer and the availability of advanced anticancer therapies, new risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis and bleeding are being identified. In this report, we analyze the current literature and identify new risk factors for venous thrombosis and bleeding which are not included in routinely used risk scores. While some existing cancer scales partially capture the risk of thrombosis and bleeding, there is a need for more specific and accurate scales tailored to these complications. The development of such scales could improve risk stratification, aid in treatment selection, and enhance patient care. Therefore, further research and development of novel cancer scales focused on thrombosis and bleeding are warranted to optimize patient management and outcomes.Thieme. All rights reserved.