感染在很大程度上是可改变的癌症原因。然而，美国在预防和治疗致癌感染方面仍有尚未开发的潜力。为了估计美国最近一年的癌症发病率数据（2017 年），美国成人和儿童中由感染引起的癌症发病率和数量。A 2023 年 1 月 6 日在 MEDLINE 上进行了 1946 年以来的文献检索，以获得计算 31 个感染-癌症对的人群归因分数所需的数据。国家健康和营养检查调查数据用于估计乙型和丙型肝炎病毒以及幽门螺杆菌的人群患病率。根据特定的感染-癌症标准选择在美国或其他西方国家进行的研究。来自 128 项研究的数据经过荟萃分析分析以获得感染与癌症关联的程度或癌细胞内感染的患病率。由 8 种感染引起的癌症发病率的比例。在 2017 年美国 20 岁或以上人群中诊断出的 1666102 例癌症中， 71485 例（4.3%；95% CI，3.1%-5.3%）归因于感染。人乳头瘤病毒 (n = 38230) 是导致大多数癌症的原因，其次是幽门螺杆菌 (n = 10624)、丙型肝炎病毒 (n = 9006)、EB 病毒 (n = 7581)、乙型肝炎病毒 (n = 7581) = 2310）、默克尔细胞多瘤病毒（n = 2000）、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（n = 1075）和人类 T 细胞嗜淋巴细胞病毒 1 型（n = 659）。感染病例最多的癌症是宫颈癌（人乳头瘤病毒；n = 12829）、胃癌（幽门螺杆菌和EB病毒；n = 12565）、口咽癌（人乳头瘤病毒；n = 12430）和肝细胞癌（乙型和丙型肝炎病毒；n = 10017）。感染所致癌症占癌症总发病率的比例范围为 20 至 34 岁女性的 9.6%（95% CI，9.2%-10.0%）至 3.2%（95% CI，2.4%-3.8%）对于 65 岁或以上的女性，从 20 至 34 岁男性的 6.1%（95% CI，5.2%-7.0%）到 65 岁或以上男性的 3.3%（95% CI，1.9%-4.4%） 。在 19 岁或以下的人群中，2017 年诊断出的癌症中有 2.2%（95% CI，1.3%-3.0%）可归因于 Epstein-Barr 病毒。据估计，2017 年成人诊断出的癌症中有 4.3% 是由感染引起的。因此，2017 年美国成为癌症预防工作的重要目标。

Infections are largely modifiable causes of cancer. However, there remains untapped potential for preventing and treating carcinogenic infections in the US.To estimate the percentage and number of incident cancers attributable to infections in the US among adults and children for the most recent year cancer incidence data were available (2017).A literature search from 1946 onward was performed in MEDLINE on January 6, 2023, to obtain the data required to calculate population attributable fractions for 31 infection-cancer pairs. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used to estimate the population prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and Helicobacter pylori.Studies conducted in the US or other Western countries were selected according to specific infection-cancer criteria.Data from 128 studies were meta-analyzed to obtain the magnitude of an infection-cancer association or prevalence of the infection within cancer cells.The proportion of cancer incidence attributable to 8 infections.Of the 1 666 102 cancers diagnosed in 2017 among individuals aged 20 years or older in the US, 71 485 (4.3%; 95% CI, 3.1%-5.3%) were attributable to infections. Human papillomavirus (n = 38 230) was responsible for the most cancers, followed by H pylori (n = 10 624), hepatitis C virus (n = 9006), Epstein-Barr virus (n = 7581), hepatitis B virus (n = 2310), Merkel cell polyomavirus (n = 2000), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (n = 1075), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (n = 659). Cancers with the most infection-attributable cases were cervical (human papillomavirus; n = 12 829), gastric (H pylori and Epstein-Barr virus; n = 12 565), oropharynx (human papillomavirus; n = 12 430), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatitis B and C viruses; n = 10 017). The burden of infection-attributable cancers as a proportion of total cancer incidence ranged from 9.6% (95% CI, 9.2%-10.0%) for women aged 20 to 34 years to 3.2% (95% CI, 2.4%-3.8%) for women aged 65 years or older and from 6.1% (95% CI, 5.2%-7.0%) for men aged 20 to 34 years to 3.3% (95% CI, 1.9%-4.4%) for men aged 65 years or older. Among those aged 19 years or younger, 2.2% (95% CI, 1.3%-3.0%) of cancers diagnosed in 2017 were attributable to Epstein-Barr virus.Infections were estimated to be responsible for 4.3% of cancers diagnosed among adults in the US in 2017 and, therefore, represent an important target for cancer prevention efforts.