这篇评论文章回顾了对 50 岁以上吸烟者或戒烟者的高危女性进行肺癌筛查的主要原因。欧洲女性肺癌的流行病学状况极其令人担忧，肺癌死亡率预计将超过乳腺癌大多数欧洲国家的癌症死亡率。关于女性是否比接触烟草的男性患肺癌的风险更高，存在相互矛盾的数据。女性肺癌发病率的急剧增加超过了吸烟暴露的增加，这有利于增加易感性。肺癌和乳腺癌筛查可以同时进行，因为筛查年龄基本一致。此外，如果基线CT扫描呈阴性，肺癌筛查可以每两年进行一次，就像乳腺癌筛查一样。除了检测早期可治愈的肺癌外，筛查还可以检测由冠心病和骨质疏松引起的疾病通过吸烟。这使得除了戒烟援助之外还可以采取预防措施，以降低女性人口的发病率和死亡率。要点 • 欧洲女性肺癌的流行病学非常令人担忧。• 肺癌正在成为欧洲女性癌症死亡的主要原因。• 女性从筛查中受益匪浅，可降低肺癌死亡风险。© 2023。欧洲放射学会 (ESR)。

This opinion piece reviews major reasons for promoting lung cancer screening in at-risk women who are smokers or ex-smokers, from the age of 50. The epidemiology of lung cancer in European women is extremely worrying, with lung cancer mortality expected to surpass breast cancer mortality in most European countries. There are conflicting data as to whether women are at increased risk of developing lung cancer compared to men who have a similar tobacco exposure. The sharp increase in the incidence of lung cancer in women exceeds the increase in their smoking exposure which is in favor of greater susceptibility. Lung and breast cancer screening could be carried out simultaneously, as the screening ages largely coincide. In addition, lung cancer screening could be carried out every 2 years, as is the case for breast cancer screening, if the baseline CT scan is negative.As well as detecting early curable lung cancer, screening can also detect coronary heart disease and osteoporosis induced by smoking. This enables preventive measures to be taken in addition to smoking cessation assistance, to reduce morbidity and mortality in the female population. Key points • The epidemiology of lung cancer in European women is very worrying.• Lung cancer is becoming the leading cause of cancer mortality in European women.• Women benefit greatly from screening in terms of reduced risk of death from lung cancer.© 2023. European Society of Radiology (ESR).