食管癌是全球第六大常见癌症。大约50%的患者患有局部晚期疾病。 CROSS 和 NEOCRTEC5010 试验表明，新辅助放化疗后再手术是可切除疾病患者的标准治疗方法。然而，病理学完全缓解常常无法实现，并且大多数患者预后不良。 CheckMate 577 试验表明，纳武单抗辅助治疗可改善患者的无病生存期，而无需病理学完全缓解。然而，根据亚组分析的结果，仍有许多值得关注的临床问题仍然存在争议。在本次综述中，我们旨在针对 CheckMate 577 试验中提出的临床问题提供建设性建议。版权所有 © 2023 Lin、Liang、Liu 和 Pan。

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Approximately 50% of patients have locally advanced disease. The CROSS and NEOCRTEC5010 trials have demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment for patients with resectable disease. However, a pathological complete response is frequently not achieved, and most patients have a poor prognosis. The CheckMate 577 trial demonstrates that nivolumab adjuvant therapy improves disease-free survival in patents without a pathological complete response. However, there are still numerous clinical questions of concern that remain controversial based on the results of the subgroup analysis. In this review, we aim to offer constructive suggestions addressing the clinical concerns raised in the CheckMate 577 trial.Copyright © 2023 Lin, Liang, Liu and Pan.