P137 是一种新型草酰二氨基丙酸-尿素基前列腺特异性膜抗原 (PSMA) 靶向剂。本研究比较了 68Ga-P137 和 FDA 批准的 PET 示踪剂 68Ga-PSMA-11 用于诊断前列腺癌 (PCa) 的摄取模式。 16例疑似PCa患者分别采用68Ga-PSMA-11和68Ga-P137 PET/CT进行扫描，并进行前瞻性分析。使用正常前列腺组织、血池、肌肉和尿液作为背景来计算肿瘤与背景的比率。病理学或随访结果用于分析良性/恶性病变和各种器官的摄取模式。 13 名患者被诊断患有 PCa，3 名患者被诊断患有良性前列腺疾病 (BPD)。两种示踪剂检测到的原发灶、淋巴结转移（LNM）（n = 25）、骨转移（n = 30）和肝转移（n = 3）的数量和位置相同。最大标准化摄取值 (SUVmax)、肿瘤/正常前列腺比率以及半定量 miPSMA-ES 和 PRIMARY 诊断评分（P 均 >0.05）显示 68Ga-P137 和 68Ga-PSMA-11 之间原发病变的摄取水平相似。与 68Ga-P137 相比，68Ga-PSMA-11 的骨转移、LNM 和肝转移的 SUVmax 显着更高（14.9 ± 7.2 vs 9.1 ± 4.4、14.4 ± 5.0 vs 7.5 ± 2.4、13.9 ± 2.0 vs 8.8 ± 2.4 ，P均<0.05）。注射后一小时，68Ga-P137 的十二指肠 SUVmax (9.4 ± 2.1 vs 16.2 ± 6.1)、肾脏 (19.4 ± 4.3 vs 45.6 ± 20.9) 和尿液 (14.1 ± 7.1 vs 42.1 ± 25.9) 显着低于 68Ga-P137 68Ga-PSMA-11（P均<0.05），而68Ga-P137的血池和肌肉放射性累积（3.9±0.5 vs 1.6±0.4、1.0±0.1 vs 0.6±0.1，P均<0.05）显着较高优于 68Ga-PSMA-11。前列腺原发灶中 68Ga-P137 的摄取水平与 68Ga-PSMA-11 没有显着差异，尽管血池和肌肉背景较高，摄取较低，但原发灶和转移灶的成像表现在视觉上相当。在转移性病灶中。由于 68Ga-P137 的尿液排泄量较低，因此尿液附近的原发性前列腺病变可能比 68Ga-PSMA-11 显示得更清晰。

P137 is a novel oxalyldiaminopropionic acid-urea-based prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agent. This study compared the uptake patterns of 68Ga-P137 and the FDA-approved PET tracer 68Ga-PSMA-11 for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). Sixteen patients suspected of PCa were scanned by 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-P137 PET/CT, respectively, followed by prospective analysis. The tumor-to-background ratio was calculated using normal prostate tissue, blood pool, muscle, and urine as backgrounds. Pathology or follow-up results were used to analyze uptake patterns of benign/malignant lesions and various organs. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with PCa and three with benign prostate diseases (BPD). The number and location of primary lesions, lymph node metastasis (LNM) (n = 25), bone metastasis (n = 30), and liver metastasis (n = 3) detected by the two tracers were identical. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor/normal prostate ratio, as well as semiquantitative miPSMA-ES and PRIMARY diagnostic scores (P all >0.05) showed similar uptake levels of primary lesions between 68Ga-P137 and 68Ga-PSMA-11. Compared to 68Ga-P137, the SUVmax of 68Ga-PSMA-11 was significantly higher for bone metastasis, LNM, and liver metastasis (14.9 ± 7.2 vs 9.1 ± 4.4, 14.4 ± 5.0 vs 7.5 ± 2.4, 13.9 ± 2.0 vs 8.8 ± 2.4, P all <0.05). One-hour postinjection, SUVmax of the duodenum (9.4 ± 2.1 vs 16.2 ± 6.1), kidney (19.4 ± 4.3 vs 45.6 ± 20.9), and urine (14.1 ± 7.1 vs 42.1 ± 25.9) were significantly lower for 68Ga-P137 than for 68Ga-PSMA-11 (P all <0.05), whereas the radioactivity accumulation of blood pool and muscle (3.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.6 ± 0.4, 1.0 ± 0.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1, P all <0.05) of 68Ga-P137 was significantly higher than 68Ga-PSMA-11. The uptake level of 68Ga-P137 has no significant difference from that of 68Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate primary lesions, and their imaging performances are visually equivalent for both primary and metastatic lesions, despite a higher blood pool and muscle background and a lower uptake in metastatic lesions. Due to the lower urine excretion of 68Ga-P137, primary prostate lesions near the urine can potentially be displayed clearer than 68Ga-PSMA-11.