龙葵是一种流行的传统药物，用于治疗包括风湿病和关节痛在内的各种炎症性疾病。目前的研究旨在评估龙葵的抗关节炎机制。使用正己烷、甲醇、氯仿和水制备了四种提取物。抗伤害和抗炎活性以 100、200 和 300 毫克/公斤体重进行。分别通过热板法和角叉菜胶诱导爪水肿法测定每种提取物的 PO。抗关节炎研究是在完全弗氏佐剂 (CFA) 诱导的关节炎中使用氯仿和水提取物（300 毫克/千克）进行的。在第 0 天和每 4 天记录一次，直至 28 天。评估了血液学、炎症和氧化生物标志物。结果表明，所有提取物均具有显着的镇痛作用（p < 0.05）并减少爪子炎症。 300 mg/kg 的氯仿 (72.19%) 和水性 (71.30%) 提取物分别实现了对角叉菜胶诱导的炎症的最高抑制百分比。在 CFA 模型中，两种提取物均显示爪子尺寸和踝关节直径显着减小 (p<<0.05)。 RT-qPCR 分析显示白细胞介素 4 和白细胞介素 10 上调，白细胞介素 1β、白细胞介素 6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、环氧化酶-2、核因子-κB、前列腺素 E 合酶 2 表达下调，和干扰素-γ。观察到超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽水平显着增加。因此，得出的结论是，龙葵叶提取物可调节炎症标志物的表达并改善氧化应激，从而减轻 CFA 诱导的关节炎。© 2023。作者获得 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 的独家许可。

Solanum nigrum L. is a popular traditional medicine for various inflammatory conditions including rheumatism and joint pain. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic mechanism of Solanum nigrum L. Four extracts were prepared using n-hexane, methanol, chloroform, and water. The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity was carried out with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body wt. PO of each extract by the hot plate and carrageenan-induced paw oedema methods, respectively. The anti-arthritic study was performed with chloroform and aqueous extracts (300 mg/kg) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Paw size (mm), ankle joint diameter (mm), and latency time (sec) were recorded on day 0 and every 4th day till 28 days. The hematological, inflammatory, and oxidative biomarkers were estimated. Results showed that significant analgesia (p < 0.05) and reduction in paw inflammation were achieved with all extracts. The highest percent inhibition in Carrageenan-induced inflammation was achieved with 300 mg/kg of chloroform (72.19%) and aqueous (71.30%) extracts, respectively. In the CFA model, both extracts showed a significant reduction in paw size and ankle joint diameter (p < 0.05). The RT-qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, and down-expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cycloxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB, prostaglandin E synthase 2, and interferon-γ. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels was observed. Hence, it is concluded that Solanum nigrum L. leaf extracts regulate the expression of inflammatory markers and improve oxidative stress resulting in the attenuation of CFA-induced arthritis.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.