混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤是一种罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤亚型，其中神经内分泌和非神经内分泌分化各占≥30%。神经内分泌癌是低分化的神经内分泌肿瘤。结直肠混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌的流行病学和预后在文献中尚无明确定义。我们试图检查混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌患者的表现、护理模式和结果。我们确定了诊断为 I-III 期结直肠（不包括阑尾）混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤或神经内分泌癌的患者国家癌症数据库中仅在 2010 年至 2018 年间接受手术切除的终生癌症诊断的癌症。我们进行了双向选择，以确定要包含在多变量 Cox 比例风险模型中的变量。我们确定了 189 名诊断为 I 至 III 期结直肠混合神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤的患者，其中 66% 为低分化肿瘤，482 例为神经内分泌肿瘤癌。在III期疾病患者中，68%的神经内分泌-非神经内分泌混合肿瘤患者和54%的神经内分泌癌患者接受了辅助化疗。混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌患者的总体中位生存期分别为 38 个月和 42 个月 (P = .22)，而混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌患者的中位生存期分别为 38 个月和 42 个月。 III 期疾病的时间分别为 30 个月和 25 个月 (P = .27)。在多变量分析中，阳性淋巴结数量较少和接受辅助化疗与混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌患者的死亡风险降低独立相关。辅助化疗与 III 期混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌癌患者的生存改善相关。 -神经内分泌肿瘤和神经内分泌癌。未来的研究有必要确定从辅助治疗中获益最多的患者亚群。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasm consisting of ≥30% each of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine differentiation. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. The epidemiology and prognosis of colorectal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas are not clearly defined in the literature. We sought to examine the presentation, patterns of care, and outcomes of patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas.We identified patients diagnosed with stage I-III colorectal (excluding appendix) mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms or neuroendocrine carcinomas with only one-lifetime cancer diagnosis who underwent surgical resection between 2010 and 2018 from the National Cancer Database. We performed bidirectional selection to identify variables to include in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.We identified 189 patients with a diagnosis of stage I to III colorectal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms, 66% of whom had poorly differentiated tumors and 482 with neuroendocrine carcinomas. Among patients with stage III disease, 68% of patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and 54% of patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median survival for the overall patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas cohorts were 38 and 42 months, respectively (P = .22), and the median survival for patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas with stage III disease were 30 and 25 months, respectively (P = .27). In multivariable analysis, fewer number of positive nodes and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy were independently associated with decreased risk of mortality for patients with mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas.Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in stage III mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas. Future studies are warranted to identify subsets of patients benefiting most from adjuvant therapy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.