全球范围内，人类通过受污染的食物、灰尘和饮用水接触全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)。 PFAS 和甲状腺癌的研究有限。我们对芬兰产妇队列（1986-2010 年怀孕；随访至 2016 年）中的 19 种 PFAS 和乳头状甲状腺癌（400 例病例，400 例对照）的诊断前血清水平进行了巢式病例对照研究，在样本年份和年份进行了单独匹配。年龄。我们使用条件逻辑回归来估计 log2 转换和分类暴露的比值比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)，总体上并按日历周期、出生队列和诊断时中位年龄进行分层。我们对其他 PFAS 进行了调整，其 Spearman 相关性 rho = 0.3-0.6。 > 检测到七种 PFAS，包括全氟辛酸 (PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)、N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺乙酸 (EtFOSAA)、全氟壬酸 (PFNA)、全氟癸酸 (PFDA) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS) 50%的女性。这些 PFAS 与甲状腺癌风险无关，但 PFHxS 呈负相关（OR log2  = 0.82，95% CI：0.70-0.97）。我们观察到，对于年龄 <40 岁诊断的患者，与 PFOA、PFOS 和 EtFOSAA 相关的风险增加，提示性但不精确，而在 40 岁诊断的患者中，相关性为零或呈负相关（P 交互作用：0.02、0.08、0.13、分别）。几乎没有其他相互作用的证据。这些结果表明 PFAS 与乳头状甲状腺癌风险之间没有明确的关联。未来的工作将受益于对暴露水平较高者之间以及甲状腺可能更容易受到环境危害的早期发育期间的这些关系的评估。© 2023 UICC。本文由美国政府雇员撰写，他们的作品在美国属于公共领域。

Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurs globally through contaminated food, dust, and drinking water. Studies of PFAS and thyroid cancer have been limited. We conducted a nested case-control study of prediagnostic serum levels of 19 PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer (400 cases, 400 controls) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (pregnancies 1986-2010; follow-up through 2016), individually matched on sample year and age. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for log2 transformed and categorical exposures, overall and stratified by calendar period, birth cohort, and median age at diagnosis. We adjusted for other PFAS with Spearman correlation rho = 0.3-0.6. Seven PFAS, including perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were detected in >50% of women. These PFAS were not associated with risk of thyroid cancer, except for PFHxS, which was inversely associated (OR log2  = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). We observed suggestive but imprecise increased risks associated with PFOA, PFOS, and EtFOSAA for those diagnosed at ages <40 years, whereas associations were null or inverse among those diagnosed at 40+ years (P-interaction: .02, .08, .13, respectively). There was little evidence of other interactions. These results show no clear association between PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer risk. Future work would benefit from evaluation of these relationships among those with higher exposure levels and during periods of early development when the thyroid gland may be more susceptible to environmental harms.© 2023 UICC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.