漆树（漆树科），也称为漆树，常用作香料、调味剂和传统药草。这还包括治疗哮喘、卡他和普通感冒的传统用途。越来越多的证据支持其心脏保护、抗糖尿病、神经保护、抗癌、胃保护、抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化和呼吸作用。然而，以往尚未有研究表明其对气道平滑肌张力的影响和机制，因此，本研究的目的是探讨马桑提取物（RCE）对大鼠的体外药理作用。通过探索其松弛活性和作用机制，分离了气管和支气管制剂。在卡巴胆碱 (CCh) 预收缩的大鼠支气管和气管环中测试了 RCE (0.1-0.7mg/mL) 的直接松弛作用。此外，还测试了RCE（1mg/mL）预处理对CCh、氯化钾（KCl）或CaCl2诱导的支气管和气管反应性的影响。此外，分别使用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N(G)-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)来探索RCE诱导的松弛和反应性降低的机制。我们的研究结果表明，RCE 诱导了浓度依赖性松弛和反应性显着降低，吲哚美辛或 L-NAME 显着降低了反应性。此外，RCE 降低了对 KCl 的反应性，并影响了在不含 Ca2+ 的 Krebs-Henseleit 溶液中添加 CCh 或 KCl 的组织中细胞外 Ca2+ 诱导的收缩。总之，我们发现RCE在体外气道平滑肌中表现出松弛活性，其可能的机制似乎涉及前列腺素、一氧化氮和Ca2途径。总而言之，我们的研究结果表明 RCE 在治疗气流受限的呼吸系统疾病或阻塞性呼吸系统疾病中的潜在作用，并且可以证明其在呼吸系统疾病中的传统应用是合理的。

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), also known as Sumac, is commonly used as a spice, flavoring agent, and as a traditional medicinal herb. This includes also the traditional use for treating asthma, catarrh, and common colds. The accumulating evidence supports its cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anticancer, gastroprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and respiratory effects. However, there are no previous studies that have shown its effects and mechanism in the airway smooth muscle tone, and therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacological action of R. coriaria L. extract (RCE) on the rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations by exploring its relaxant activity and mechanism of action. The direct relaxant effect of RCE (0.1-0.7 mg/mL) was tested in the rat bronchi and trachea rings precontracted by carbachol (CCh). In addition, the pretreatment with RCE (1 mg/mL) was tested on the bronchial and tracheal reactivity induced by CCh, potassium chloride (KCl), or CaCl2. In addition, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively, were used for exploring the mechanisms of RCE-induced relaxation and reduction of reactivity. Our findings demonstrated that RCE induced a concentration-dependent relaxation and a significant reduction of reactivity, significantly reduced with either indomethacin or L-NAME. In addition, RCE decreased the responsiveness to KCl and affected the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction in the tissues with added CCh or KCl in Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solution. In summary, we have shown that RCE displayed relaxant activities in the in vitro airway smooth muscles, and the possible mechanisms seems to involve the prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and Ca2+ pathways. Taken together, our findings indicate the potential role of RCE in the treatment of respiratory diseases with limited airflow, or obstructive respiratory diseases, and could justify its traditional use in the respiratory diseases.