tsRNA 是源自 tRNA 的小非编码 RNA，在多种生理活动中发挥重要作用，如 RNA 沉默、核糖体生物发生、逆转录转座和表观遗传，以及参与细胞分化、增殖和凋亡。 tsRNA相关异常通过影响细胞周期和特定信号分子，对多种人类疾病（包括恶性肿瘤）的发生、发展和进展产生重大影响。本文介绍了tsRNA的起源和分类，总结了tsRNA在消化系统疾病中的调节机制和生理功能以及功能失调的影响，重点关注了tsRNA作为诊断和预后生物标志物的临床前景。视频摘要。© 2023。作者。

tsRNAs are small non-coding RNAs originating from tRNA that play important roles in a variety of physiological activities such as RNA silencing, ribosome biogenesis, retrotransposition, and epigenetic inheritance, as well as involvement in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. tsRNA-related abnormalities have a significant influence on the onset, development, and progression of numerous human diseases, including malignant tumors through affecting the cell cycle and specific signaling molecules. This review introduced origins together with tsRNAs classification, providing a summary for regulatory mechanism and physiological function while dysfunctional effect of tsRNAs in digestive system diseases, focusing on the clinical prospects of tsRNAs for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Video Abstract.© 2023. The Author(s).