垂体腺瘤（PA）是一种发生在蝶鞍的肿瘤，是最常见的颅内肿瘤之一。它属于一种源自垂体细胞单克隆的腺瘤。 PA 在所有颅内肿瘤中排名第三，仅次于神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤。尸检时的平均患病率约为 15%，放射学检查时的平均患病率约为 22.5%。大多数 PA 是良性、非侵袭性腺瘤，可以通过手术切除或通过药物控制。然而，其中约 35% 的肿瘤侵犯了附近的解剖结构，无法完全切除。 0.1%~0.2%的PA病例最终发展为垂体癌。此外，由于占位效应和垂体激素分泌紊乱，PA 可能导致严重的发病。因此，迫切需要阐明PA的病理机制，提高诊断的准确性，并开发靶向治疗。尽管目前对PA发病机制的了解仍然有限，但PA的表观遗传调控已越来越受到关注。已知长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 可在转录后调节基因表达，并在各种肿瘤的发生、进展或抑制中发挥重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，lncRNA 失调与 PA 发展之间存在密切关系。这篇综述重点介绍了 lncRNA 在 PA 发病机制中研究的最新进展，以及它们作为 PA 患者的诊断/预后生物标志物或治疗靶点的潜力。© 2023 作者。约翰·威利出版的《免疫、炎症和疾病》

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a type of tumor that develops in the sella turcica and is one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. It belongs to a type of adenoma derived from a single clone of cells in the pituitary gland. PA ranks third among all intracranial tumors, following only gliomas and meningioma. The average prevalence rate is approximately 15% at autopsy and 22.5% at radiological examinations.Most PAs are benign and non-invasive adenomas that can be removed surgically or controlled with medication. However, approximately 35% of them show invasion into nearby anatomical structures and cannot be completely resected. 0.1%~0.2% of PA cases eventually develop into pituitary carcinomas. Additionally, PA may cause severe morbidity due to mass effects and the disorder of pituitary hormone secretion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the pathological mechanism of PA, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and develop targeted therapies.Although current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PA remains limited, epigenetic modulation of PA has been increasingly implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and exert substantial roles in the initiation, progression, or suppression of various tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown close relationships between lncRNA dysregulation and PA development.This review highlights recent progress in the study of lncRNAs in PA pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PA patients.© 2023 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.