几十年来，免疫疗法为晚期癌症患者带来了希望。然而，它们显示出明显的益处和有限的临床效果。肿瘤疫苗有可能启动肿瘤抗原特异性 T 细胞并诱导广泛的免疫反应，最终消灭肿瘤细胞。在这里，我们根据肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤机制对肿瘤疫苗进行分类，包括增强免疫系统、克服肿瘤免疫抑制和调节肿瘤血管生成。我们专注于结合上述两种或三种机制的多维肿瘤疫苗策略，因为这些策略优于单维治疗。这篇综述提供了关于肿瘤疫苗策略以及疫苗疗法在癌症治疗中的未来作用的观点。

For decades, immunotherapies have offered hope for patients with advanced cancer. However, they show distinct benefits and limited clinical effects. Tumor vaccines have the potential to prime tumor-antigen-specific T cells and induce broad subsets of immune responses, ultimately eradicating tumor cells. Here, we classify tumor vaccines by their anti-tumor mechanisms, which include boosting the immune system, overcoming tumor immunosuppression, and modulating tumor angiogenesis. We focus on multidimensional tumor vaccine strategies using combinations of two or three of the above mechanisms, as these are superior to single-dimensional treatments. This review offers a perspective on tumor vaccine strategies and the future role of vaccine therapies in cancer treatment.