脑癌是一种使人衰弱的疾病，存活率很低。由于血脑屏障（BBB）和血肿瘤屏障（BTB）的存在阻碍了药物输送到肿瘤部位，因此有效治疗面临着重大挑战。许多纳米药物已经过测试，可以改善脑癌患者的生存和生活质量，最近的关注焦点是二氧化硅纳米颗粒 (SNP) 等无机纳米颗粒。这篇综述探讨了 SNP 作为脑癌诊断、治疗和治疗诊断的新方法的用途。这篇综述概述了不同的脑癌和当前可用的疗法。特别关注 SNP 的关键功能特性，这使得它们成为肿瘤纳米医学领域有吸引力的材料。分析了使用 SNP 克服 BBB 的策略。此外，还讨论了主动靶向、联合疗法和利用 SNP 的创新纳米疗法的最新进展。安全性考虑、毒性特征和监管方面的问题都得到了解决，以帮助人们了解 SNP 的转化潜力。SNP 在脑癌研究中具有巨大的前景。 SNP 的多功能性有可能克服 BBB 和 BTB 的限制，可用于脑癌成像、药物输送和治疗诊断。所提供的见解将促进下一代创新策略的开发，指导未来的研究，以改善脑癌患者的诊断、靶向治疗和更好的结果。

Brain cancer is a debilitating disease with a poor survival rate. There are significant challenges for effective treatment due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) which impedes drug delivery to tumor sites. Many nanomedicines have been tested in improving both the survival and quality of life of patients with brain cancer with the recent focus on inorganic nanoparticles such as silica nanoparticles (SNPs). This review examines the use of SNPs as a novel approach for diagnosing, treating, and theranostics of brain cancer.The review provides an overview of different brain cancers and current therapies available. A special focus on the key functional properties of SNPs is discussed which makes them an attractive material in the field of onco-nanomedicine. Strategies to overcome the BBB using SNPs are analyzed. Furthermore, recent advancements in active targeting, combination therapies, and innovative nanotherapeutics utilizing SNPs are discussed. Safety considerations, toxicity profiles, and regulatory aspects are addressed to provide an understanding of SNPs' translational potential.SNPs have tremendous prospects in brain cancer research. The multifunctionality of SNPs has the potential to overcome both the BBB and BTB limitations and can be used for brain cancer imaging, drug delivery, and theranostics. The insights provided will facilitate the development of next-generation, innovative strategies, guiding future research toward improved diagnosis, targeted therapy, and better outcomes in brain cancer patients.