中药地黄(RR)是指玄参科植物地黄的鲜或干燥块根。作为传统中草药，其具有镇痛、镇静、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、心脑血管调节、神经损伤修复等多种功效，已广泛应用于临床实践。近年来，科学家们对RR的活性成分和药理作用进行了广泛的研究。活性成分主要包括环烯醚萜苷类(如梓醇、aucuboside)、苯丙苷类(如acteoside)、其他糖类、不饱和脂肪酸等。此外，与RR相关的中成药（CPM）和中药汤剂也成为中医工作者的主要研究课题；例如，六药丸，包括熟地、百合地黄汤、四物汤。本文回顾了有关 RR 的最新文献；综述了其化学成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究；并分析了当前研究的进展和局限性，为RR的进一步探索和发展提供参考。Copyright © 2023 The Authors。由 Elsevier Masson SAS 出版。保留所有权利。

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rehmanniae Radix (RR) refers to the fresh or dried root tuber of the plant Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch of the family Scrophulariaceae. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it possesses multiple effects, including analgesia, sedation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation, and nerve damage repair, and it has been widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, scientists have extensively studied the active components and pharmacological effects of RR. Active ingredients mainly include iridoid glycosides (such as catalpol and aucuboside), phenylpropanoid glycosides (such as acteoside), other saccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the Chinese patent medicine (CPM) and Chinese decoction related to RR have also become major research subjects for TCM practitioners; one example is the Bolus of Six Drugs, which includes Rehmannia, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction, and Siwu Decoction. This article reviews recent literature on RR; summarizes the studies on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications; and analyzes the progress and limitations of current investigations to provide reference for further exploration and development of RR.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.