正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 和单光子发射计算机断层扫描 (SPECT) 是临床前和高级临床研究环境中药理和生化过程非侵入性成像的有效技术。在放射治疗领域，硼中子捕获疗法（BNCT）脱颖而出，因为它利用生物机制精确靶向肿瘤细胞，同时保留邻近的健康组织。为了实现最有利的治疗结果，将富硼示踪剂递送至肿瘤必须是选择性且高效的，并且在肿瘤细胞内和周围精心排列高浓度的硼原子。尽管已经开发了几种 BNCT 示踪剂来促进硼有针对性且有效地输送到肿瘤，但只有少数用 PET 或 SPECT 放射性核素进行标记。这种放射性标记能够进行全面的体内检查，涵盖药效学、药代动力学、肿瘤选择性以及示踪剂在肿瘤内的积累和保留等关键方面。本综述对 BNCT 示踪剂的基本方面进行了全面总结，重点关注 PET 或 SPECT 放射性同位素的放射性标记。这带来了更有效、更有针对性的治疗方法，最终提高了癌症治疗方面的患者护理质量。© 作者。

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are potent technologies for non-invasive imaging of pharmacological and biochemical processes in both preclinical and advanced clinical research settings. In the field of radiation therapy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) stands out because it harnesses biological mechanisms to precisely target tumor cells while preserving the neighboring healthy tissues. To achieve the most favorable therapeutic outcomes, the delivery of boron-enriched tracers to tumors must be selective and efficient, with a substantial concentration of boron atoms meticulously arranged in and around the tumor cells. Although several BNCT tracers have been developed to facilitate the targeted and efficient delivery of boron to tumors, only a few have been labeled with PET or SPECT radionuclides. Such radiolabeling enables comprehensive in vivo examination, encompassing crucial aspects such as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, tumor selectivity, and accumulation and retention of the tracer within the tumor. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the essential aspects of BNCT tracers, focusing on their radiolabeling with PET or SPECT radioisotopes. This leads to more effective and targeted treatment approaches which ultimately enhance the quality of patient care with respect to cancer treatment.© The author(s).