癌症仍然是威胁人类健康的主要问题之一，现有治疗选择的治疗效果往往相当低。由于其良好的生物相容性、修饰的简单性和改善的治疗功效，基于肽的自组装递送系统已经经历了显着的发展。物理封装和共价缀合是用于基于肽组装的递送的两种常见的负载药物方法，它们总是分别与血液循环系统中的药物泄漏或药理活性改变相关。为了克服这些困难，需要一种更优雅的基于肽的组装策略。值得注意的是，肽介导的药物分子共组装提供了一种构建多功能性和结构稳定性纳米材料的新方法。共组装策略可用于设计用于癌症治疗的各种纳米结构，例如纳米管、纳米原纤维、水凝胶和纳米囊泡。近年来，这些共组装纳米结构因其在肿瘤治疗中的独特优势而受到极大关注。本文介绍了组装肽的分类、共组装的驱动力，特别是共组装中各种药物分子的设计方法。它还重点介绍了用于癌症治疗的肽介导的共组装递送系统的最新研究。最后，总结了共组装在癌症治疗中的优缺点，并为克服该领域的挑战提供了一些建议。© 作者。

Cancer is still one of the major problems threatening human health and the therapeutical efficacies of available treatment choices are often rather low. Due to their favorable biocompatibility, simplicity of modification, and improved therapeutic efficacy, peptide-based self-assembled delivery systems have undergone significant evolution. Physical encapsulation and covalent conjugation are two common approaches to load drugs for peptide assembly-based delivery, which are always associated with drug leaks in the blood circulation system or changed pharmacological activities, respectively. To overcome these difficulties, a more elegant peptide-based assembly strategy is desired. Notably, peptide-mediated co-assembly with drug molecules provides a new method for constructing nanomaterials with improved versatility and structural stability. The co-assembly strategy can be used to design various nanostructures for cancer therapy, such as nanotubes, nanofibrils, hydrogels, and nanovesicles. Recently, these co-assembled nanostructures have gained tremendous attention for their unique superiorities in tumor therapy. This article describes the classification of assembled peptides, driving forces for co-assembly, and specifically, the design methodologies for various drug molecules in co-assembly. It also highlights recent research on peptide-mediated co-assembled delivery systems for cancer therapy. Finally, it summarizes the pros and cons of co-assembly in cancer therapy and offers some suggestions for conquering the challenges in this field.© The author(s).