刺激激活策略在癌症治疗诊断的纳米医学设计中占主导地位。当暴露于内源性/外源性刺激时，刺激激活的纳米药物可以自组装、分解或功能激活，以提高其生物安全性和诊断/治疗效力。多种肿瘤特异性特征，包括低 pH、高氧化还原水平和过度表达的酶，以及外源物理刺激源（光、超声波、磁力和辐射）已被考虑用于刺激可激活纳米粒子的设计。医药产品。最近，人们探索了新的刺激源，并出现了刺激激活纳米医学的优雅设计。此外，多功能治疗诊断纳米医学已用于成像引导或图像辅助的抗肿瘤治疗。在这篇综述中，我们合理化了治疗诊断纳米医学的发展以满足临床迫切的需求。详细阐述了用于开发治疗诊断纳米医学以实现更好的诊断/治疗功效的刺激激活自组装、拆卸或功能激活方法，并详细介绍了其结构设计的最先进进展。提供了刺激激活纳米医学的反思、临床现状和未来前景。© 作者。

Stimuli-activatable strategies prevail in the design of nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. Upon exposure to endogenous/exogenous stimuli, the stimuli-activatable nanomedicine could be self-assembled, disassembled, or functionally activated to improve its biosafety and diagnostic/therapeutic potency. A myriad of tumor-specific features, including a low pH, a high redox level, and overexpressed enzymes, along with exogenous physical stimulation sources (light, ultrasound, magnet, and radiation) have been considered for the design of stimuli-activatable nano-medicinal products. Recently, novel stimuli sources have been explored and elegant designs emerged for stimuli-activatable nanomedicine. In addition, multi-functional theranostic nanomedicine has been employed for imaging-guided or image-assisted antitumor therapy. In this review, we rationalize the development of theranostic nanomedicine for clinical pressing needs. Stimuli-activatable self-assembly, disassembly or functional activation approaches for developing theranostic nanomedicine to realize a better diagnostic/therapeutic efficacy are elaborated and state-of-the-art advances in their structural designs are detailed. A reflection, clinical status, and future perspectives in the stimuli-activatable nanomedicine are provided.© The author(s).