头颈癌后的放射治疗与发生骨坏死的风险相关。本研究旨在探讨全身应用蜂胶预防该疾病的有效性，因为尽管提出了治疗方法，但没有明确的治疗方案，并且显着降低了个体的生活质量。总共 29 只雄性 Wistar-Albino 大鼠被分为对照组、对照组和对照组。 35Gy照射(组1)、35Gy照射100mg/kg/ml蜂胶给药组(组2)和35Gy照射200mg/kg/ml蜂胶给药组(组3)。除对照组外，放疗后第二天首次应用蜂胶。放射治疗后三周，从所有大鼠中拔除右侧第一和第二磨牙。放疗后七周收集样本。通过组织形态计量学分析计算成骨细胞和破骨细胞计数。免疫组织化学分析确定骨形态发生蛋白 2 (BMP-2) 和转化生长因子 β-3 (TGFβ-3)。组间比较发现成骨细胞 (p=0.130) 和破骨细胞 (p=0.063) 计数无显着差异。然而，第 1 组显示最低的平均成骨细胞（OBL：82.63 [±13.10]）和最高的平均破骨细胞计数（OCL：12.63 [±5.55]）。 OBL/OCL 比率显示组间存在显着差异 (p=0.011)。尽管对照组与第 1 组 (p=0.006) 和第 2 组 (p=0.029) 之间存在显着差异，但第 3 组表现出非显着差异 (p=0.091)。对于 BMP-2 和 TGFB3，对照组与除第 3 组外的其他两组存在显着差异 (p<0.001)。安纳托利亚蜂胶在放射治疗介导的骨坏死模型中显示出有益效果，凸显了其作为一种有前途的干预措施的潜力。

Radiotherapy after head and neck cancer is associated with the risk of osteonecrosis development. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of systemic propolis application to prevent the disease as it has no definite treatment protocol despite the proposed treatment methods and significantly decreases individuals' quality of life.In total, 29 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into control, 35 Gy irradiation (Group 1), 35 Gy irradiation+100 mg/kg/ml propolis administration (Group 2), and 35 Gy irradiation+200 mg/kg/ml propolis administration groups (Group 3). Propolis was first applied on the day after radiotherapy, except for the control group. Right first and second molars were extracted from all rats three weeks following radiotherapy. Samples were collected seven weeks after radiotherapy. Osteoblast and osteoclast counts were calculated by histomorphometric analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis determined bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFβ-3).Group comparison found non-significant differences regarding osteoblast (p=0.130) and osteoclast (p=0.063) counts. However, Group 1 showed the lowest mean osteoblast (OBL: 82.63 [±13.10]) and highest mean osteoclast counts (OCL: 12.63 [±5.55]). OBL/OCL ratio showed significant differences between groups (p=0.011). Despite the significant difference between the Control and Groups 1 (p=0.006) and 2 (p=0.029), Group 3 showed a non-significant difference (p=0.091). For BMP-2 and TGFB3, the control group showed significant differences with the other two groups (p<0.001), except for Group 3.Anatolian propolis showed beneficial effects in a radiotherapy-mediated osteonecrosis model, highlighting its potential as a promising intervention.