在美国医学界，种族差异普遍存在。本研究旨在评估神经外科及其子专业内种族差异的证据，具体目标是量化致力于识别、理解或减少差异的文章的分布。作者通过以下方式检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库：使用关键词来代表神经外科、患者、种族差异和特定研究类型的概念。两名独立审稿人筛选了文章标题和摘要的相关性。第三位审稿人解决了冲突。然后从包含的文章中提取数据，并将每篇文章分为三个阶段之一：识别、理解或减少差异。本次审查是根据 PRISMA 范围界定扩展审查 (PRISMA-ScR) 指南进行的。纳入了 1985 年至 2023 年间发表的 371 项研究。种族差异文献在各专业之间的分布并不均匀，脊柱约占文献的 48.3%，其次是肿瘤（22.1%）和普通神经外科（12.9%）。大多数研究致力于确定种族差异（83.6%）。致力于理解和减少差异的文献比例要低得多（分别为 15.1% 和 1.3%）。黑人患者是本次审查中受影响最严重的种族/族裔群体（63.3%）。西班牙裔或拉丁裔族裔受到的负面影响排名第二（25.1%）。以下类别——其他结果（28.0%）、治疗提供（21.6%）、并发症（18.6%）和生存率（16.7%）——代表了最常测量的结果。在神经外科领域，很少有研究关注于理解和减少这些差异。该领域的文献大量增加，但解决方案相对匮乏，因此需要研究有针对性的干预措施，以便为所有接受神经外科治疗的患者提供公平的护理。

Racial disparities are ubiquitous across medicine in the US. This study aims to assess the evidence of racial disparities within neurosurgery and across its subspecialties, with a specific goal of quantifying the distribution of articles devoted to either identifying, understanding, or reducing disparities.The authors searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases by using keywords to represent the concepts of neurosurgery, patients, racial disparities, and specific study types. Two independent reviewers screened the article titles and abstracts for relevance. A third reviewer resolved conflicts. Data were then extracted from the included articles and each article was categorized into one of three phases: identifying, understanding, or reducing disparities. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.Three hundred seventy-one studies published between 1985 and 2023 were included. The distribution of racial disparities literature was not equally spread among specialties, with spine representing approximately 48.3% of the literature, followed by tumor (22.1%) and general neurosurgery (12.9%). Most studies were dedicated to identifying racial disparities (83.6%). The proportion of literature devoted to understanding and reducing disparities was much lower (15.1% and 1.3%, respectively). Black patients were the most negatively impacted racial/ethnic group in the review (63.3%). The Hispanic or Latino ethnic group was the second most negatively impacted (25.1%). The following categories-other outcomes (28.0%), the offering of treatment (21.6%), complications (18.6%), and survival (16.7%)-represented the most frequently measured outcomes.Although strides have been taken to identify racial disparities within neurosurgery, fewer studies have focused on understanding and reducing these disparities. The tremendous rise of literature within this domain but the relative paucity of solutions necessitates the study of targeted interventions to provide equitable care for all patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment.