干扰素 (IFN) 对骨髓增生性肿瘤 (MPN) 包括真性红细胞增多症 (PV) 患者的有效性已有三十多年的报道。但由于其毒性和耐受性，干扰素的使用受到限制。随着最近聚乙二醇化干扰素的发展，干扰素在有效治疗 MPN 方面的应用再次受到重视。西方国家的指南建议将干扰素与羟基脲一起作为细胞减灭术的首选，特别是对于年轻和怀孕患者。此外，一种新型干扰素，ropeginterferon alfa-2b，允许每两周注射一次，并表现出持久的高血液学和分子反应，导致其在西方国家获得批准使用。尽管截至 2023 年 2 月，日本国民健康保险系统尚未批准 IFN 用于治疗真性红斑狼疮，但一项 2 期研究显示，ropeginterferon alfa-2b 对日本真性红斑狼疮患者的有效性、安全性和耐受性，为未来的开发带来了希望。

The effectiveness of interferon (IFN) in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera (PV) has been reported for more than three decades. However, because of its toxicity and tolerability, the use of IFN has been restricted. With the recent development of pegylated-IFN, the use of IFN has been highlighted again for effectively treating MPNs. Guidelines in Western countries recommend IFN as the first choice for cytoreduction alongside hydroxyurea, particularly for young and pregnant patients. Furthermore, a novel IFN, ropeginterferon alfa-2b, allows biweekly injection and exhibits durable high hematological and molecular responses leading to the approvement of its use in Western countries. Although IFN is not yet been approved for use against PV in Japan's National Health Insurance System as of February 2023, a phase 2 study has shown efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ropeginterferon alfa-2b in Japanese patients with PV, providing hope for future development.