骨髓纤维化的中位生存期约为5年，目前异基因造血细胞移植是唯一的治疗方法。尽管骨髓纤维化的临床病程和预后因患者而异，但移植的时间和适应症应根据移植相关死亡的可能性或长期预后以及每个患者的基因突变风险信息来确定。之前的报道已经证明，同种异体造血细胞移植可以有效治疗骨髓纤维化。但移植相关死亡率高达30-50%，总体存活率仅40%左右。未来的研究应该阐明如何在 JAK2 抑制剂和同种异体造血细胞移植之间做出选择、如何降低移植相关的高死亡率、如何选择干细胞来源、如何创建最佳的移植前治疗以及如何在移植前加入 JAK2 抑制剂。

The median survival duration of myelofibrosis is about 5 years and at present, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative treatment. Although myelofibrosis's clinical course and prognosis vary from patient to patient, the time and indication of transplantation should be determined in light of the likelihood of transplant-related death or long-term prognosis, as well as any information on each patient's gene mutation risk. Previous reports have demonstrated that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can be a curative treatment for myelofibrosis. However, the transplant-related mortality rate is as high as 30-50%, and the overall survival rate is only around 40%. Future research should clarify how to decide between JAK2 inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, how to lower high transplant-related mortality, how to choose a stem cell source, how to create the best pretransplant treatment, and how to incorporate JAK2 inhibitors before transplantation.