化疗引起的血小板减少症（CIT）是抗肿瘤治疗的常见并发症，导致抗肿瘤治疗剂量减少、治疗延迟、治疗停止和病态出血事件。尽管对 CIT 中的血小板生成生长因子进行了数十年的研究，但目前尚无美国 FDA 或 EMA 批准的治疗 CIT 的药物。然而，已经发表了大量证据来评估血小板生成素受体激动剂 (TPO-RA) 用于治疗和预防实体瘤患者 CIT，并且 TPO-RA romiplostim 和 avatrombopag 的关键研究正在进行中。当在适当的患者群体中使用并正确使用时，TPO-RA 可以在较长时间内成功、安全地管理 CIT，同时将明显风险降至最低。这篇全面的综述讨论了 TPO-RA 在实体瘤患者 CIT 中的证据，为其在临床中的使用提供了详细的指导，并讨论了正在进行的 CIT 管理的重要临床试验。版权所有 © 2023。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common complication of antineoplastic therapy, resulting in antineoplastic therapy dose reductions, treatment delays, treatment discontinuation, and morbid bleeding events. Despite several decades of research into thrombopoietic growth factors in CIT, there are presently no available U.S. FDA- or EMA-approved agents to treat CIT. However, a respectable body of evidence has been published evaluating the thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) for the management and prevention of CIT in patients with solid tumors, and critical studies are ongoing with the TPO-RAs romiplostim and avatrombopag. When employed in the appropriate patient population and used properly, TPO-RAs can successfully and safely manage CIT for extended periods of time with minimal apparent risks. This comprehensive review discusses the evidence for TPO-RAs in CIT in patients with solid tumors, provides detailed guidance for their use in the clinic, and discusses ongoing essential clinical trials in management of CIT.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.