角质形成细胞癌是器官移植受者中最常见的肿瘤并发症。迄今为止，已经报道了许多不同的风险因素，除非研究之间存在差异。我们的目的是确定肾移植和肝移植受者队列中角质形成细胞肿瘤的发病率和危险因素。这项回顾性研究纳入了 338 名患者的队列，并从移植到 2021 年 12 月底进行了随访，其中 2年最短移植时间。每种皮肤癌以及患者的所有人口统计数据和皮肤病史和特征都收集在一个特定的数据库中。在我们的队列中，与肾移植受者相比，肝移植患者的角质形成细胞癌发病率更高。关于整个患者组中皮肤癌的危险因素，我们观察到与光化性角化病和日光性雀斑的检测存在显着相关性，并且当考虑患有多种皮肤癌的患者时，这种相关性更强，其中白皙的皮肤类型和职业性阳光暴露也有相关性。此外，虽然光化性角化病和既往透析史与至少一种鳞状细胞癌的发展显着相关，但角化病变的存在和硫唑嘌呤的摄入与多发性鳞状细胞肿瘤的出现有关。我们在此报告，在我们的研究中，在队列研究中，发现潜在导致免疫功能障碍的因素在更具侵袭性的角质形成细胞肿瘤组织型的发展中发挥着致病作用，并且这种关联在多发性鳞状细胞癌的情况下似乎更有说服力。

Keratinocyte cancers account for the most frequent oncological complication in organ transplant recipients. To date, many different risk factors have been reported, unless variability among the studies exist. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for keratinocyte neoplasms in a cohort of kidney transplant and liver transplant recipients.A cohort of 338 patients were included in this retrospective study and followed-up from transplantation until the end of December 2021, with a 2-year minimum transplant time. Each skin cancer was collected in a specific database, together with all the demographic data and dermatological history and feature of patients.In our cohort, liver transplant patients presented a higher keratinocyte cancer incidence compared to kidney transplant recipients. Regarding the risk factors for skin cancer in the entire group of patients, we observed a significant association with the detection of actinic keratosis and solar lentigo, and such relation was stronger when considering patients developing multiple skin cancers, in which fair skin types and occupational sun exposure were also associated. Furthermore, while actinic keratosis and a history of previous dialysis were significantly associated with the development of a least one squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of keratotic lesions and azathioprine intake resulted connected with the appearance of multiple squamous neoplasms.We report here that, in our cohort, factors potentially leading to immune dysfunction were found to play a causative role in the development of the more aggressive histotype of keratinocyte tumors, and such association seemed more convincing in case of multiple squamous cell carcinomas.