功效-效果 (EE) 差距描述了临床试验和常规临床实践中生存率的差异，其中现实世界中的患者与试验人群相比往往具有较差的结果。然而，EE 差距可能存在于生存结果之外，包括生活质量、毒性、成本效益和患者时间方面的差距，这些 EE 差距也应该影响患者和临床医生的治疗决策。未能清楚地认识到这些 EE 差距可能会导致患者、临床医生和医疗保健系统对一系列重要临床和经济领域的治疗益处抱有不切实际的期望。在这篇评论中，作者回顾了支持 EE 在生活质量、时间毒性、成本和毒性方面存在差距的证据，并敦促对这一重要主题进行进一步研究。© 2023 作者。 《癌症》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表美国癌症协会出版。

The efficacy-effectiveness (EE) gap describes the differences in survival seen in clinical trials and routine clinical practice, where patients in real-world practice often have inferior outcomes compared to trial populations. However, EE gaps may exist beyond survival outcomes, including gaps in quality of life, toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and patient time, and these EE gaps should also influence patient and clinician treatment decisions. Failure to clearly acknowledge these EE gaps may cause patients, clinicians, and health care systems to have unrealistic expectations of the benefits of therapy across a range of important clinical and economic domains. In this commentary, the authors review the evidence supporting the existence of EE gaps in quality of life, time toxicity, cost and toxicities, and urge for further research into this important topic.© 2023 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.