放射疗法利用电离辐射来破坏或阻止肿瘤细胞的增殖，已越来越多地用于治疗肿瘤疾病，特别是癌症。然而，辐射会导致精子数量长期受到抑制，这可能是由于生殖细胞库耗尽导致精子发生受损，这对男性生殖产生长期副作用。抗氧化剂化合物作为男性生育力保存的潜在策略的研究已被证实。主要通过动物模型进行，旨在预防和恢复雄性生殖组织及其功能，特别是对抗辐射的氧化应激作用。临床前和临床试验的证据表明，肾素-血管紧张素系统 (RAS) 抑制剂和其他药物，如他汀类药物和二甲双胍，是改善辐射引起的多种组织损伤的候选药物，包括睾丸和前列腺。由于正常组织的毒性、肿瘤的放射抗性、细胞对辐射的反应、成本、监管和时间表的制定，理想的放射防护剂具有挑战性。此外，男性人体辐射防护实验（主要是临床试验）很少，而且使用的个体也很少。这种情况反映在辐射防护领域创新进展缓慢。有必要扩大人体研究，为辐射防护化合物在人类生殖系统中的功效和安全性提供线索。临床实践中经常使用的药物再利用可以成为缩短放射防护或放射减轻男性生殖系统放射治疗影响创新方法开发流程的一种方式。

Radiotherapy, which employs ionizing radiation to destroy or prevent the multiplication of tumor cells, has been increasingly used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, especially cancers. However, radiation collaterally leads to prolonged periods of sperm count suppression, presumably due to impaired spermatogenesis by depleting the germ cell pool, which has long-term side effects for male reproduction.Studies of antioxidant compounds as a potential strategy for male fertility preservation have been performed mainly from animal models, aiming to prevent and restore the male germinal tissue and its function, particularly against the oxidative stress effects of radiation. Evidence in preclinical and clinical trials has shown that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and other drugs, such as statins and metformin, are candidates for ameliorating radiation-induced damage to several tissues, including the testis and prostate.Research for developing an ideal radioprotective agent is challenging due to toxicity in the normal tissue, tumor radioresistance, response cellular to radiation, costs, regulation and timeline development. Moreover, male radioprotection experiments in humans, mainly clinical trials, are scarce and use few individuals. This scenario is reflected in the slow progress of innovation in the radioprotection field.Expanding human studies to provide clues on the efficacy and safety of radioprotective compounds in the human reproductive system is necessary. Drug repurposing, frequently used in clinical practice, can be a way to shorten the development pipeline for innovative approaches for radioprotection or radiomitigation of the repercussions of radiotherapy in the male reproductive system.