我们的目标是检查超加工食品 (UPF) 消费与心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险之间的关联，并确定与 UPF 相关的血浆蛋白。这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了 1991 年建立的瑞典马尔默饮食和癌症研究的 26,369 名参与者-1996年。使用改良的饮食历史方法评估膳食摄入量，并使用 NOVA 分类系统估计 UPF 消耗量。在 4475 名受试者中总共测量了 88 种选定的 CVD 相关蛋白。 CVD（冠心病和缺血性中风）事件通过登记被定义为入院或死亡。采用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来分析 UPF 摄入量与 CVD 风险的关联。使用线性回归模型来确定与 UPF 摄入量相关的血浆蛋白。在中位随访 24.6 年期间，6236 名参与者患上了 CVD，其中 3566 名患上了冠心病，3272 名患上了缺血性中风。 UPF 的第四个与第一个四分位数的调整后风险比（95% 置信区间）对于 CVD 为 1.18（1.08，1.29），对于冠心病为 1.20（1.07，1.35），对于缺血性卒中为 1.17（1.03，1.32）。血浆蛋白白介素18、肿瘤坏死因子受体2、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子1、血栓调节蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子受体1、肝细胞生长因子、干细胞因子、抵抗素、C-C基序趋化因子3、内皮细胞特异性分子1阳性校正多项测试后与 UPF 相关。我们的研究表明，高 UPF 摄入量会增加 CVD 风险，并与多种蛋白质生物标志物相关。未来的研究有必要验证这些发现并评估 UPF 摄入量与 CVD 之间的潜在途径。© 2023。作者。

We aim to examine the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and to identify plasma proteins associated with UPF.This prospective cohort study included 26,369 participants from the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, established in 1991-1996. Dietary intake was assessed using a modified diet history method, and UPF consumption was estimated using the NOVA classification system. A total of 88 selected CVD-related proteins were measured among 4475 subjects. Incident CVD (coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke) was defined as a hospital admission or death through registers. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to analyze the associations of UPF intake with risks of CVD. Linear regression models were used to identify the plasma proteins associated with UPF intake.During 24.6 years of median follow-up, 6236 participants developed CVD, of whom 3566 developed coronary heart disease and 3272 developed ischemic stroke. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) in the 4th versus 1st quartile of UPF was 1.18 (1.08, 1.29) for CVD, 1.20 (1.07, 1.35) for coronary heart disease, and 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) for ischemic stroke. Plasma proteins interleukin 18, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, thrombomodulin, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, hepatocyte growth factor, stem cell factor, resistin, C-C motif chemokine 3, and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 were positively associated with UPF after correcting for multiple testing.Our study showed that high UPF intake increased the risk of CVD and was associated with several protein biomarkers. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess the potential pathways between UPF intake and CVD.© 2023. The Author(s).