结直肠癌（CRC）已成为最常见的肿瘤之一，具有较高的发病率、死亡率和独特的进化机制。体细胞突变产生的新抗原已成为结直肠癌治疗中重要的治疗靶点。作为癌症特异性的异常肽，新抗原可以触发强大的宿主免疫反应并发挥抗肿瘤作用，同时最大限度地减少通常与替代治疗方案相关的不良事件的出现。在这篇综述中，我们总结了新抗原的机制、产生、鉴定和预后意义，以及结直肠癌基于新抗原治疗的治疗策略挑战。证据表明，建立基于新抗原的个性化疗法作为 CRC 患者的有效治疗方法具有广阔的前景。© 2023 作者。约翰·威利出版的《临床与转化医学》

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common tumours with high morbidity, mortality and distinctive evolution mechanism. The neoantigens arising from the somatic mutations have become considerable treatment targets in the management of CRC. As cancer-specific aberrant peptides, neoantigens can trigger the robust host immune response and exert anti-tumour effects while minimising the emergence of adverse events commonly associated with alternative therapeutic regimens. In this review, we summarised the mechanism, generation, identification and prognostic significance of neoantigens, as well as therapeutic strategies challenges of neoantigen-based therapy in CRC. The evidence suggests that the establishment of personalised neoantigen-based therapy holds great promise as an effective treatment approach for patients with CRC.© 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.