非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的5年生存率极低，唯一有效的治疗方法是免疫放射治疗（iRT）。在此，我们回顾了2018-2023年iRT治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床研究进展以及未来的发展方向。我们首先讨论iRT的协同机制，体现在三个方面：RT的免疫调节、RT激活的免疫相关途径以及RT相关的免疫增敏。 iRT 可能包括外照射或立体定向体 RT 联合免疫检查点抑制剂（例如抗免疫程序性细胞死亡 (PD) 1/PD 配体 1 或 CD8 T 淋巴细胞抗原 4 的免疫球蛋白）或中药。在临床有效性和安全性方面，iRT 可提高 NSCLC 患者的总体生存率、无进展生存率以及肿瘤控制率，但不会显着增加毒性风险。我们最后讨论了 2018-2023 年报告的 iRT 挑战和未来方向。© 2023。作者。

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an extremely low 5-year survival rate, with the only effective treatment being immunoradiotherapy (iRT). Here, we review the progress of clinical research on iRT for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over 2018-2023, as well as the future directions. We first discuss the synergistic mechanisms of iRT, reflected in three aspects: immune regulation of RT, RT-activated immune-related pathways, and RT-related immune sensitization. iRT may include either external-beam or stereotactic-body RT combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., immunoglobulins against immune programmed cell death (PD) 1/PD ligand 1 or CD8+ T lymphocyte antigen 4) or traditional Chinese medicine drugs. Regarding clinical effectiveness and safety, iRT increases overall and progression-free survival and tumor control rate among patients with NSCLC but without a considerable increase in toxicity risk. We finally discuss iRT challenges and future directions reported over 2018-2023.© 2023. The Author(s).