子宫肌瘤是育龄妇女最常见的女性生殖道良性肿瘤。它们的患病率与年龄有关，在 50 岁以下的女性中，高达 80% 的女性可以检测到它们。受子宫肌瘤影响的患者可能会遭受严重的身体、情感、社会和经济损失以及生活质量的损失。不幸的是，治愈性子宫切除术消除了未来怀孕的可能性，而保留子宫的手术和放射替代方案则与长期生殖功能下降和/或高肿瘤复发率相关。最近，患者广泛考虑对子宫肌瘤进行药物治疗，以限制子宫肌瘤相关症状，例如月经过多。这种激素疗法似乎通过阻断性腺类固醇激素对子宫肌瘤生长的刺激作用而有效。然而，它们对于积极怀孕的女性是禁忌的，并且仅在使用期间有效，由于长期安全性和其他问题，其效果受到限制。因此，对于子宫肌瘤的安全、持久和与生育相容的非手术治疗方案存在迫切的未满足需求。在这篇综述文章中，我们介绍了当前子宫肌瘤的药物治疗方法，包括其相当的功效和副作用，以及具有前景的抗子宫肌瘤作用的新兴安全天然化合物。© 2023。作者，获得 Springer 的独家许可瑞士自然股份公司。

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of the female reproductive tract in reproductive age women. Their prevalence is age dependent and can be detected in up to 80% of women by the age of 50 years. Patients affected by uterine fibroids may experience a significant physical, emotional, social, and financial toll as well as losses in their quality of life. Unfortunately, curative hysterectomy abolishes future pregnancy potential, while uterine-sparing surgical and radiologic alternatives are variously associated with reduced long-term reproductive function and/or high tumor recurrence rates. Recently, pharmacological treatment against uterine fibroids have been widely considered by patients to limit uterine fibroid-associated symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding. This hormonal therapy seemed effective through blocking the stimulatory effects of gonadal steroid hormones on uterine fibroid growth. However, they are contraindicated in women actively pursuing pregnancy and otherwise effective only during use, which is limited because of long-term safety and other concerns. Accordingly, there is an urgent unmet need for safe, durable, and fertility-compatible non-surgical treatment options for uterine fibroids. In this review article, we cover the current pharmacological treatments for uterine fibroids including their comparable efficacy and side effects as well as emerging safe natural compounds with promising anti-uterine fibroid effects.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.