锻炼可以增强身体机能，降低罹患心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、痴呆和癌症等多种疾病的风险。运动通常会引发炎症反应，尤其是骨骼肌。尽管已经确定了一些效应机制，但响应运动而激活的调节元件仍然不清楚。在这里，我们通过对小鼠急性和慢性运动模型的免疫学、转录组学、组织学、代谢和生化分析，探讨了 Foxp3 CD4 调节性 T 细胞 (Treg) 在健康运动活动中的作用。运动会迅速诱导肌肉 Treg 区室扩张，从而防止干扰素 γ 过度产生以及随之而来的代谢紊乱，特别是线粒体异常。如果没有 Tregs，运动训练的表现增强效果就会受到削弱。因此，运动是天然的 Treg 增强剂，在疾病和衰老方面具有治疗潜力。

Exercise enhances physical performance and reduces the risk of many disorders such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Exercise characteristically incites an inflammatory response, notably in skeletal muscles. Although some effector mechanisms have been identified, regulatory elements activated in response to exercise remain obscure. Here, we have addressed the roles of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the healthful activities of exercise via immunologic, transcriptomic, histologic, metabolic, and biochemical analyses of acute and chronic exercise models in mice. Exercise rapidly induced expansion of the muscle Treg compartment, thereby guarding against overexuberant production of interferon-γ and consequent metabolic disruptions, particularly mitochondrial aberrancies. The performance-enhancing effects of exercise training were dampened in the absence of Tregs. Thus, exercise is a natural Treg booster with therapeutic potential in disease and aging contexts.