动物毒液是自然界重要的进化创新。作为最具代表性的动物毒液之一，蝎毒含有极其多样化的生物活性肽。蝎毒肽不仅是固定、麻痹、杀死或溶解猎物的“毒药”，而且也成为药物开发和设计的重要候选者。在此，本综述重点关注蝎毒肽的分子多样性、其典型的结构特征及其在通道病、病毒感染和癌症中的多种治疗或药物应用。特别是针对瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道的蝎毒素TRPTx群体进行了系统总结，值得关注，因为TRP通道在人体稳态调节和疾病发生中发挥着至关重要的作用。我们还进一步建立了蝎毒肽的分子特征与功能应用之间的潜在关系，为蝎毒资源的现代药物开发和临床利用提供研究基础。版权所有©2023。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。

Animal venom is an important evolutionary innovation in nature. As one of the most representative animal venoms, scorpion venom contains an extremely diverse set of bioactive peptides. Scorpion venom peptides not only are 'poisons' that immobilize, paralyze, kill, or dissolve preys but also become important candidates for drug development and design. Here, the review focuses on the molecular diversity of scorpion venom peptides, their typical structural characteristics, and their multiple therapeutic or pharmaceutical applications in channelopathies, viral infections and cancers. Especially, the group of scorpion toxin TRPTx targeting transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is systematically summarized and worthy of attention because TRP channels play a crucial role in the regulation of homeostasis and the occurrence of diseases in human. We also further establish the potential relationship between the molecular characteristics and functional applications of scorpion venom peptides to provide a research basis for modern drug development and clinical utilization of scorpion venom resources.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.