癌症免疫疗法已成为治疗多种癌症类型的一种有前途的方法。然而，由于从临床前阶段到临床阶段的转化不佳，新型免疫治疗药物的开发面临着持续的挑战。为了应对这些挑战，微流体模型在研究工作中的整合最近受到关注，弥合了体外和体内系统之间的差距。这种方法能够对复杂的人类肿瘤微环境进行建模并询问癌症-免疫相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们分析了微流控肿瘤模型在癌症免疫治疗开发中的当前和潜在应用。我们将首先强调免疫肿瘤学领域的当前趋势。随后，我们将讨论最近应用于研究免疫-癌症相互作用机制以及体外开发和筛选癌症免疫疗法的微流体模型的例子。讨论了验证其预测人体体内结果的第一步。最后，考虑到微流控肿瘤模型的优势和当前的局限性，我们强调了微流控肿瘤模型提供的有希望的机会，我们建议下一步可能采取哪些步骤来实施它们并整合到免疫肿瘤药物开发过程中。© 2023。作者。

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of diverse cancer types. However, the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents faces persistent challenges due to poor translation from preclinical to clinical stages. To address these challenges, the integration of microfluidic models in research efforts has recently gained traction, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. This approach enables modeling of the complex human tumor microenvironment and interrogation of cancer-immune interactions. In this review, we analyze the current and potential applications of microfluidic tumor models in cancer immunotherapy development. We will first highlight current trends in the immunooncology landscape. Subsequently, we will discuss recent examples of microfluidic models applied to investigate mechanisms of immune-cancer interactions and for developing and screening cancer immunotherapies in vitro. First steps toward their validation for predicting human in vivo outcomes are discussed. Finally, promising opportunities that microfluidic tumor models offer are highlighted considering their advantages and current limitations, and we suggest possible next steps toward their implementation and integration into the immunooncology drug development process.© 2023. The Author(s).