藻类生物质已被认为是具有多种应用的原料，包括生产生物燃料、生物肥料、动物饲料、废水处理和生物修复。此外，藻类物种是代谢物和聚合物的潜在储存库，有可能用于生物医学、医疗保健和工业用途。角叉菜胶是一种具有药用和工业意义的多糖，是从红藻物种（常见物种中的卡帕藻（Kappaphycus alvarezii）和麒麟菜（Eucheuma denticulatum））中提取的。卡拉胶的提取过程受到不同环境因素和生物质来源的影响，这些因素可能会有所不同并显着影响产量。卡拉胶的多种应用包括水凝胶珠、生物复合材料、药理特性、化妆品、食品和相关行业的应用。卡拉胶的生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和抗肿瘤活性，受硫酸化模式、产率和分子量的显着影响。除了卡拉胶的天然生物医学潜力外，卡拉胶-纳米复合材料的协同效应还表现出进一步即兴生物医学应用的潜力。纳米技术驱动的角叉菜胶生物复合材料显着提高了薄膜、食品包装和药物输送系统的质量。这种纳米生物复合材料表现出增强的稳定性、生物可降解性和生物相容性，使其成为药物输送、伤口愈合和组织工程应用的合适替代品。目前的工作是一项综合研究，旨在分析卡拉胶的生物医学和其他应用以及潜在的作用机制或作用模式以及纳米技术的协同应用。© 2023。作者获得 Springer Nature B.V. 的独家许可。

Algae biomass has been recognized as feedstock with diverse application including production of biofuel, biofertilizer, animal feed, wastewater treatment and bioremediation. In addition, algae species are a potential reservoir of metabolites and polymers with potential to be utilized for biomedicine, healthcare and industrial purposes. Carrageenan is one such medicinally and industrially significant polysaccharide which is extracted from red algae species (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum, among the common species). The extraction process of carrageenan is affected by different environmental factors and the source of biomass, which can vary and significantly impact the yield. Diverse applications of carrageenan include hydrogel beads, bio-composites, pharmacological properties, application in cosmetics, food and related industries. Carrageenan biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities are significantly influenced by sulfation pattern, yield percentage and molecular weight. In addition to natural biomedical potential of carrageenan, synergetic effect of carrageenan- nanocomposites exhibit potential for further improvisation of biomedical applications. Nanotechnology driven bio-composites of carrageenan remarkably improve the quality of films, food packaging, and drug delivery systems. Such nano bio-composites exhibit enhanced stability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, making them suitable alternatives for drug delivery, wound-healing, and tissue engineering applications. The present work is a comprehensive study to analyze biomedical and other applications of Carrageenan along with underlying mechanism or mode of action along with synergetic application of nanotechnology.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.