已知肾移植 (KT) 接受者有患多种癌症类型的风险；然而，这一人群的癌症死亡率尚未得到充分调查。我们的研究旨在评估意大利 KT 接受者与相应普通人群相比的癌症死亡风险。对 2003 年至 2020 年间在意大利 17 个中心接受 KT 的 7373 名患者进行了一项队列研究。死亡日期和原因检索至 2020 年 12 月 31 日。间接标准化用于估计标准化死亡率 (SMR) 和相应的 95% 置信区间 (CI)。癌症是 7373 名 KT 接受者中最常见的死因，占所有死亡的 32.4%。所有癌症的死亡率合计高出 1.8 倍（95% CI：1.59-2.09）。淋巴瘤（SMR = 6.17，95% CI：3.81-9.25）、肾癌（SMR = 5.44，95% CI：2.97-8.88）和皮肤黑色素瘤（SMR = 3.19，95% CI：1.03-6.98）显示出最高的过量死亡风险。此外，肺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌和其他造血和淋巴组织癌症的SMR增加约1.6至3.0倍。与一般人群相比，所有年龄段的相对癌症死亡风险仍然显着升高，尽管它随着年龄的增长而降低。所有癌症的总 SMR 均随时间呈线性增加 (P < .01)。我们的研究表明，KT 接受者的癌症死亡风险明显高于相应的一般人群。这些结果支持进一步研究 KT 接受者癌症的预防和早期检测。© 2023 作者。约翰·威利出版的《国际癌症杂志》

Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are known to be at risk of developing several cancer types; however, cancer mortality in this population is underinvestigated. Our study aimed to assess the risk of cancer death among Italian KT recipients compared to the corresponding general population. A cohort study was conducted among 7373 individuals who underwent KT between 2003 and 2020 in 17 Italian centers. Date and cause of death were retrieved until 31 December 2020. Indirect standardization was used to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cancer was the most common cause of death among the 7373 KT recipients, constituting 32.4% of all deaths. A 1.8-fold excess mortality (95% CI: 1.59-2.09) was observed for all cancers combined. Lymphomas (SMR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.81-9.25), kidney cancer (SMR = 5.44, 95% CI: 2.97-8.88) and skin melanoma (SMR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.03-6.98) showed the highest excess death risks. In addition, SMRs were increased about 1.6 to 3.0 times for cancers of lung, breast, bladder and other hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. As compared to the general population, relative cancer mortality risk remained significantly elevated in all age groups though it decreased with increasing age. A linear temporal increase in SMR over time was documented for all cancers combined (P < .01). Our study documented significantly higher risks of cancer death in KT recipients than in the corresponding general population. Such results support further investigation into the prevention and early detection of cancer in KT recipients.© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.