乳房切除术后疼痛综合征 (PMPS) 是一种常见且令人衰弱的术后疼痛，具有神经性特征，在乳房切除术、肿瘤切除术或其他乳房手术后表现为烧灼感、刺痛感或拉扯感。 PMPS 的患病率为 31%，其危险因素包括年龄较小、社会心理因素、放射治疗、腋窝淋巴结清扫术和慢性疼痛史。本综述评估了治疗 PMPS 的药物和手术选择。药物治疗选择包括抗抑郁药、加巴喷丁类药物、左乙拉西坦、辣椒素和外用利多卡因。程序和手术选择包括脂肪移植、神经阻滞、射频消融、周围神经手术、前锯肌平面阻滞和肉毒杆菌毒素注射。尽管患者可以选择多种治疗方案，但仍需要进一步的随机试验来得出这些治疗是否能减轻 PMPS 患者神经性疼痛强度的结论。特别是，比较研究和纳入不同疼痛强度的患者对于开发 PMPS 治疗算法至关重要。总之，目前对这些患者的管理应根据他们的个人要求进行调整。© 2023 Avila et al.

Postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is a common and debilitating form of postsurgical pain with neuropathic characteristics, presenting as burning, stabbing, or pulling sensations after mastectomy, lumpectomy, or other breast procedures. With a prevalence of 31%, the risk factors for PMPS include younger age, psychosocial factors, radiotherapy, axillary lymph node dissection, and a history of chronic pain. This review evaluates the pharmacological and surgical options for managing PMPS. Pharmacological treatment options include antidepressants, gabapentinoids, levetiracetam, capsaicin, and topical lidocaine. Procedural and surgical options include fat grafting, nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation, peripheral nerve surgery, serratus plane block, and botulinum toxin injections. Despite the variety of therapeutic options available for patients, further randomized trials are required to conclude whether these treatments reduce the intensity of neuropathic pain in patients with PMPS. In particular, comparative studies and the inclusion of patients across a range of pain intensities will be essential to developing a treatment algorithm for PMPS. In conclusion, current management for these patients should be tailored to their individual requirements.© 2023 Avila et al.